=Salem=, Mass. 42N. 70W. Former name Naumkeag; early colony at, 1626; name given by Governor Endicott, 1628; famous trial and executions for witchcraft, 1692; proclamation of independence, Massachusetts Assembly, 1774. Bp. Israel Putnam (1718-90); Nat. Hawthorne (1804-64); W. H. Prescott, historian (1796-1859); J. H. Choate, diplomatist (1832). Roger Williams res. 1635-6. (See Intro. to Hawthorne's 'Scarlet Letter.') =Salem=, N. Jersey. 39N. 75W. F. by Quakers, 1675. =Salem=, N. Carolina. 36N. 80W. Settled by Moravians, 1766; college for women at. =Saltillo=, Mexico. 25N. 100W. Battle in which Santa Anna's power was overthrown, 1855. =Salt Lake City=, Utah. 40N. 112W. Capital of the Mormon state, f. 1847; abandoned by Mormons, 1858. =Salvador=, state, Cent. A. 13N. 86W. Conquered by Alvarado, Spanish officer, 1524; threw off Spanish yoke and became part of the Confederation of Central America, 1824; declared a republic, 1824; war with Guatemala, 1863-4; frequent civil disturbances in. =San Antonio=, Texas. 29N. 98W. Frightful massacre of American garrison at Fort Alamo by Santa Ana, the Mexican leader, 1836. =San Antonio.= 26S. 56W. Victory of Montevideans by help of Garibaldi over the troops of Rosas, 1846. =San Cristobal= (formerly Xaltocan), on lake of that name. 19N. 90W. Taken by Cortés, 1521. (Prescott, 'Mexico,' op. cit.) =San Domingo= (Dominican Republic). 16N. 68W. Eastern extremity of Haiti. Ceded to French by Treaty of Bâle, 1795; restored to Spain, 1814; established as a republic, 1843; dependent on Spain, 1861-5, when it again became independent. (See Haiti.) =San Domingo=, Haiti. 18N. 69W. Town f. by Bartholomew Columbus, 1496, under the name of Nueva Isabella; first town built by Europeans in the West; taken by Drake, 1585; seized by Toussaint l'Ouverture in name of French, 1801; evacuated by French, 1809; Christopher Columbus buried here till 1536, when his remains were removed to Havana. =Sandusky=, Ohio. 41N. 83W. Fort erected by French, 1751; captured by Indians, 1763. (Parkman, 'Pontiac.') =San Francisco=, California. 37N. 122W. Settled by Spaniards under the name of Yerba Buena, 1776; took present name, 1847; discovery of gold following year; incorporated as a city, 1856. =San Francisco del Quito= (Riobamba, q.v.). So named by Benalcazar after his victory over the Indians. =San Jacinto=, Texas. 29N. 95W. Mexicans defeated by Texans, and Santa Ana captured, 1836. =San Juan=, Porto Rico, Antilles. 18N. 65W. F. 1514; sacked by Drake, 1594; by Earl of Cumberland, 1597. =San Mateo= (Fort Caroline, q.v.). Name given by Menendez. =San Miguel de Piura= (or Piura), Peru. 5S. 80W. First colony settled by Pizarro in Peru, 1532. =San Salvador=, Salvador, Cent. A. 13N. 88W. F. by the brother of the conqueror Alvarado, 1528. =San Salvador=, island, Bahamas, W. Indies. Native name Guanahani; name given by Columbus, 1492, to the first land he sighted. (See Watling Island.)