=Titicaca=, Lake, between Peru and Bolivia. 15S. 69W. Ruins of older date than the advent of the Incas on its shores. =Tlaxcala=, Mexico. 19N. 97W. Cortés has fierce battles with natives of, 1519; received by the lord of after battle of Otumba, 1520. =Tobago=, island (Windward Islands), W. Indies. 11N. 60W. Discovered by Columbus, 1498; in possession in turns of Dutch—the first colonists—Spaniards, English, and French; ceded to England by Congress of Vienna, 1814. =Tohopeka=, Tallapoosa R. 32N. 85W. Creek Indians defeated and their power broken by Gen. Jackson, 1814. =Toronto=, Canada. 43N. 79W. Its name changed from York, 1834; fort taken by Americans, 1813; the 'Sons of Liberty' defeated, 1837; seat of government, 1844-56. =Torrington=, Conn. 41N. 73W. Bp. John Brown, abolitionist (1800, hanged, 1859). =Tortola=, island, W. Indies. 18N. 64W. Discovered by Columbus, 1494; taken from buccaneers by the English, 1666. =Tortugas, The=, islands, Florida. 24N. 84W. So named from the number of turtles found on; J. Hawkins off, 1564. =Trenton=, N. Jersey. 40N. 74W. English and Hessians defeated by Washington, 1776 (W. of Ind.). =Trinidad=, island, W. Indies. 10N. 60W. Discovered and named by Columbus, 1498; Ojeda and Vespucci on, 1499; colonised by Spaniards, 1588; taken by English under Abercrombie, 1796; ceded to them by Treaty of Amiens, 1802. =Trinity Bay=, Newfoundland. 47N. 53W. First transatlantic cable from Valentia Bay, Ireland, to Trinity Bay, 1866. =Trinity River=, Texas. 32N. 96W. La Salle assassinated near, 1687. =Truxillo=, Peru. 8S. 79W. F. by Pizarro, and so named in honour of his birthplace, 1535. =Truxillo=, Venezuela. 8N. 70W. F. 1570; taken by buccaneers, 1678; Walker the buccaneer executed, 1860. =Tucuman=, Argentina. 25S. 65W. F. 1685; Spaniards defeated by Belgrano, 1812 (S. A. W. Ind.). =Tula=, Mexico. 22N. 99W. F. in 7th century by the Toltecs. =Tumbez=, Peru. 4S. 79W. Reached by Pizarro, 1527, who was also here in his last expedition to Peru, 1531-2. =Turner's Falls=, Connecticut R., Mass. 42N. 72W. Named after Capt. Turner, who defeated King Philip's Indians here, he himself being killed, 1676. =Umachiri=, near Lake Titicaca. 15S. 69W. Insurrectionary Indians under Pumacagna defeated, 1815. =United States.= Name given to the 13 original states in the Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776; they now number 46. (See under separate States.) =Uruguay=, S.A. 30-35S. 53-58W. Revolt against Spanish rule, under Artigas, 1811; declares itself a part of Brazil, 1821; declares its independence, 1825; independence ratified, 1828; revolution and civil war in for many years; nine years' war in with Rosas, 1843-52; Flores dictator, 1853-4; returns from exile and seizes government, 1863; alliance with Brazil and Argentina against Paraguay, 1865; Flores assassinated, 1868; further revolutions in; Latorre dictator, 1876-80.