Every legal statute, says Dr. Johnson, is founded on induction. 'Law is the science in which the greatest powers of understanding are applied to the greatest number of facts.' The _basis of all_ science is such an extensive induction of particulars as leads to general definitions and fundamental axioms, and furnishes the premises from which inferences may be deduced. Inductive observation is the great instrument of discovering important truths. 'What are called the principles of human nature are learned from individual instances. It is the only possible way of learning them. * * When we reason from a general law or principle, we are in truth reasoning from a number of instances represented by It.'* * Rationale of Political Representation, p. 34. A general election is an induction of the intelligence of the country represented by the members of Parliament. The difference between democracy and monarchy is in one sense an affair of logic. Where electors are limited in franchise, and candidates restricted by property qualification, the induction is partial, but where all can vote and many can be chosen from, the premises are more capacious and the inference sounder. Dr. Whately says, that 'in Natural Philosophy a _single instance_ is often accounted a _sufficient_ induction; e.g., having once ascertained that an individual magnet will attract iron, we are authorised to conclude that this property is universal.' 'The Edinburgh Reviewer of Whewell's "History of the Inductive Sciences," observes that, "by the _accidental_ placing of a rhomb of calcareous spar, upon a book or line, Bartholinus discovered the property of the double refraction of light. By _accidentally_ combining two rhombs in different positions, Huygens discovered the polarisation of light. By _accidentally_ looking through a prism of the same substance, and turning it round, Mains discovered the polarisation of light by reflection; and by placing thin chrystalline films between two similar prisms or rhombs, M. Arago discovered the phenomena of polarised tints."