On the other hand, it must be admitted that several criminologists emphatically declare that the "instinctive" criminal (or "born" criminal to use Lombroso's term) is incorrigible. Garofalo takes such a hopeless view of the matter as to demand his elimination by death, but none of these men, eminent criminologists as they may be, have studied reformatory science experimentally. Mr Brockway's testimony should be taken as final seeing that of the 12,000 felons who have passed through the Elmira Reformatory, 82 per cent. have reformed, i.e., have not returned to criminal practices. The statistics for the year 1903 are as follows:-- Total number of those paroled 445 Served well and earned absolute release 143 Correspondence and good conduct and maintained (parole not expired) 238 Died, doing well until time of death 1 Released by Special Executive Clemency, doing well 1 Returned to Europe by permission 1 ---- 384 or 86 per cent Returned to Reformatory for violation of parole 15 or 33 " _Probably returned to crime._ Those who ceased correspondence while on parole and were lost sight of 37 Known to have returned to crime 9 -- 46 or 10 " It will be seen that while the Reformatory claims only 86 per cent. of reforms, there were only 9 persons (or 2 per cent. of the whole) who were KNOWN to have certainly returned to crime.