Wounds should be packed fully and evenly with some absorbent material. Applications of heat and cold are common methods of checking hemorrhages, heat being at all times preferable. Hot water poured on open wounds will encourage coagulation. Bleeding from an ulcer of the leg, which often results from varicose veins, should be stopped by firm pressure over the wound. _Hemorrhage from the Lungs._—A teaspoonful of salt taken internally may stop it. Place an ice-bag over the chest. Morphin, gr. ⅛-¼, may be given under the instructions of a physician. In all cases put patient in bed and enjoin complete rest until medical aid arrives. _Nose-bleed (Epistaxis)._—First of all, position and rest should be attended to. The patient should not lie down unless very weak. The higher the head the better. Loosen clothing about the neck and thorax. Caution patient against coughing or sneezing. Holding the nostril tightly closed, with cold applications to the back of the neck, is sometimes successful. Insufflation of ice- or alum-water, or of tannic acid solution may induce coagulation. Profuse bleeding will require packing of the nostrils. FRACTURES. _Compound Open Fracture._—The bone is broken and the wound extends from the seat of the fracture to the outside. Such wound may be caused by the injury itself, or may occur secondarily from the protrusion of pieces of bone through the skin. _A comminuted fracture_ is one in which the bone is broken into a number of fragments. _An Impacted Fracture._—The broken ends have been forcibly driven into one another, and are thus fixed. _Multiple Fracture._—The bone is fractured at different points, or when different adjoining bones are broken. _A complicated fracture_ is one associated with a serious injury to some important adjacent part—_e.g._, a large vessel. _A green stick or incomplete fracture_ occurs where the bone is soft and bends, and is only partially fractured; it is most frequent in children. =Symptoms= of fractures are usually pain, loss of function, deformity (seen or felt by passing the fingers over the seat of pain), crepitus or the grating sound produced and felt on rubbing the broken ends against each other, abnormal mobility in the course of the bone, swelling, and discoloration. The principal point is to keep the part immovable and in a position to give as little pain as possible. Support the limb with something stiff and padded with cotton or remnants of yielding material. Bandages can be made of handkerchiefs, strips of linen, ribbon, etc., to keep the splint firm. For the _forearm_ padded splints long enough to take in the hand from above the elbow should be applied. Tie firmly with bandages and suspend in a sling.