If the _upper_ arm be fractured, bind it tightly to the side. For the _thigh_, the splints should extend from under the arm to the ankle and should be bound to the body and leg with long towels or sheets torn into strips. A splint made of blankets, rolled up tightly from both sides on broomsticks, allowing space for the limb to rest between the supports, is a good and ready appliance. Always make extension to prevent contractions of the muscles, as this would result in shortening the leg. For a broken _clavicle_ (collar-bone) bind the arm to the chest. Put the patient on the flat of his back with a small pad between the shoulder-blades. This will keep the broken ends in a normal position. N. B.—In every case elevate and support the injured member on a pillow, keep in position and give complete rest until medical aid arrives. DISLOCATIONS. Dislocation is a displacement of the joint. It may occur with a break of the limb, but usually results from a fall or strain. There may be deformity and inability to move the injured part. Sometimes an abnormal projection is the first sign. If inflammation arises, apply cold applications. The only treatment a nurse may give is to keep the patient quiet and await skilled help. SPRAINS. There may be extreme pain, swelling, inflammation, discoloration, and inability to use the joint. Support and elevation of the limb is of the greatest importance. Use hot or cold applications to allay the inflammation and pain. Cover with a thin soft pad, and bandage evenly and firmly. A sprain should not be neglected, as it may cause future disease of the injured part. For recent bruises cold applications are best. Give the patient complete rest, support and elevate the injured limb, apply cold or hot applications, and await skilled help. BURNS AND SCALDS. In severe cases the constitutional treatment is of more importance than the application of local remedies. If the patient is in shock wrap him in warm blankets, and give him stimulants. In superficial cases where the skin is not broken powder with bicarbonate of soda (baking soda). A ready domestic application is sweet oil. _Exclude the air at all times._ When vesicles have been produced they should be punctured with a sharp instrument, and the serum gently evacuated with absorbent cotton. Apply soothing ointments or wet dressings. IN CASE OF SEVERE BURNS OF THE BODY immerse the patient in a warm bath, keeping it at even temperature. Separating a layer of common white cotton wadding, and wrapping it about the injured part will allay the pain, and the cotton has the advantage of not adhering to the raw surface. Splints and bandages should be employed to prevent contractions. BURNS OF THE EYE.