The species of _Ptychohyla_ are divided into two groups on the basis of external morphology, breeding calls, and tadpoles. The _Ptychohyla euthysanota_ group seems to be a natural group composed of three species, all of which are more closely related to one another than to any other hylid. Likewise, the species comprising the _Ptychohyla schmidtorum_ group seem to represent a natural unit. If the presence of ventrolateral glands in breeding males is ignored, a student of salientian systematics might derive the _Ptychohyla euthysanota_ group from a hylid stock containing _Hyla miotympanum_ and _Hyla mixomaculata_. Likewise, _Ptychohyla schmidtorum_ could be placed with _Hyla uranochroa_ and related species in Costa Rica. Nonetheless, the fact remains that all of the species assigned to the genus _Ptychohyla_ have ventrolateral glands in the breeding males; furthermore, ventrolateral glands are unknown in other hylids. If the _P. schmidtorum_ group and the _P. euthysanota_ group each evolved from separate hylid stocks, then the ventrolateral glands must have developed independently in both groups. That ventrolateral glands developed independently in five species of frogs in southern Mexico and northern Central America and not in any of the other approximately 500 species of hylids in the world is untenable. It is more logical to assume that the development of the glands took place only once in a stock of hylids that gave rise to the five species herein recognized as members of the genus _Ptychohyla_. Generic Relationships