A Sketch of Assam: With some account of the Hill TribesButler, John, Major
History
A Sketch of Assam: With some account of the Hill Tribes
Butler, John, Major
Assam (India) -- Description and travel; Assam (India) -- Social life and customs; Ethnology -- India -- Assam
Polygamy, without restriction, prevails among the Singphoos, and they
make no distinction between the children born of Singphoo women and
those born of foreign or Assamese women. They reject with horror
the idea of infanticide, under any shape or pretext. Marriage is
only forbidden with a mother or sister: they may marry stepmothers,
brothers' widows, or any other relative. In the marriage ceremony the
bridegroom has to present the parents of the bride with a Khamtee Dhao,
or short sword, a velvet jacket, a silk Dhota, and a slave; the rich
give gold and silver, buffaloes, and as many slaves as the wealth
of the bridegroom will permit. The bridegroom has also to furnish a
marriage feast to the friends and relations of the bride; and after
the Deodhies or priests have performed a certain religious ceremony,
the bride is delivered over to the bridegroom, and the jewels, &c.,
which are on her person, are returned to her parents.
If a man commits adultery, he is obliged to pay damages according to
the demand of the injured husband, in slaves, buffaloes, dhoties,
swords, money, or beads; and if he cannot pay the damages, he pays
the penalty of his crime in confinement. No damages are demanded for
the violation of an unmarried woman or virgin; but in the event of
her being found pregnant, the ravisher has to give the parents three
slaves and one buffalo, and the issue is claimed by the man. It is
optional with himself to marry his victim, or not. Theft is punished
by exacting from the thief double the value of the property stolen.
The Singphoos entertain strange ideas of honour and revenge. Compatibly
with their customs and rude notions of religion, a Singphoo chief
could not ever abandon, without dishonour, the application of the
lex talionis to one who had murdered his relative; although, from
circumstances of policy, or deficiency of means, he might postpone
the gratification of his vengeance to an indefinite period. A mistaken
feeling of religion, combined with private affection for the deceased,
fully accounts for this perverted state of mind. The Singphoos imagine
that the soul of the murdered individual will torment them until his
manes are appeased by the death of one of his enemies; and further,
that the anger of their deity would be roused should an opportunity of
retaliation be neglected. Nor is the retribution to be limited to the
actual perpetrator of the homicide. If death be occasioned by violence
committed, or supposed to be committed by any one, the relations are
never appeased until they have murdered one of the family to which
the murderer belonged. An innocent person is thus often murdered,
who is quite ignorant of the injury committed by his tribe or family.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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