A Study of Siouan Cults: Eleventh Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1889-1890, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1861, pages 351-544Dorsey, James Owen
Religion
A Study of Siouan Cults: Eleventh Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1889-1890, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1861, pages 351-544
Dorsey, James Owen
Siouan Indians -- Religion
There are a variety of beliefs concerning the immediate action
of the spirit upon its withdrawal from the body. Some think that
the soul at once starts upon its journey to the spirit land;
others, that it hovers about the grave as if reluctant to depart.
Because of this latter belief, food and water are placed at the
head of the grave for several days after the burial. The spirit
is supposed to partake of this food. No Indian would touch any
article of food thus exposed; if he did, the ghost would snatch
away the food and paralyze the mouth of the thief, and twist his
face out of shape for the rest of his life; or else he would be
pursued by the ghost, and food would lose its taste, and hunger
ever after haunt the offender. There is a belief in the tribe that
before the spirits finally depart from men who died of wounds or
their results, they float toward a cliff overhanging the Missouri,
not far from the present Santee Agency, in Nebraska, and cut upon
the rocks a picture showing forth their manner of death. A line
in the picture indicates the spot where the disease or wound was
located which caused the death. After this record is complete,
the spirit flies off to the land of the hereafter. It is said
that these pictures are easily recognized by the relatives and
friends of the deceased. This place is known as Iñ-gȼaⁿ´-xe
ʞi-ʞá-xai ȼaⁿ,[76] or, Where the spirits make pictures of
themselves. A suicide ceases to exist; for him there is no
hereafter. A man struck by lightning is buried where he fell, and
in the position in which he died. His grave is filled with earth,
and no mound is raised over one who is thus taken from life.
In 1873 some of the Ponka said they had the following beliefs
concerning a murderer: (1) The ghosts surround him and keep up a
constant whistling; (2) he can never satisfy his hunger, though he eat
much food; (3) he must not be allowed to roam at large lest high winds
arise.
It is important to compare this whole section with the Dakota beliefs
found in §§ 266-278.
The author was told by the Omaha that when a man was killed by
lightning, he ought to be buried face downwards, and the soles of his
feet had to be slit. When this was done, the spirit went at once to
the spirit land, without giving further trouble to the living. In one
case (that of a Wejiⁿcte man, Jadegi, according to George Miller
and Frank Le Flèche)[77] this was not done, so it was said that the
ghost _walked_, and he did not rest in peace till another person (his
brother) was slain by lightning and laid beside him.
When Joseph La Flèche and Two Crows heard what Frank had told about
the Milky Way, etc., they remarked, “We have never been to the spirit
land, so we can not tell what is done there. No one has ever come back
and told us.” All that they had ever heard was the old story about the
forked road.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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