Free verse; Modernism (Literature); Poetry, Modern -- 20th century -- History and criticism
idea would be as coldly disregarded as indeed he was before his death
on active service, when practically all the poems for which he has
since become famous had already appeared. War-poetry was Georgianism’s
second-wind, for the contrast between the grinding hardships of
trench-service--which as a matter of fact none of the early-Georgians
experienced--and the Georgian stock-subjects enumerated above was a
ready poetic theme. Imagism also profited by the war, though, as it was
more an American than an English product, it was only mobilized for
war-service when neo-Georgianism had already made a good start. The
expansion of feminism in poetry as in other war-services introduced
a number of other dead movements which had, roughly speaking, one of
two common sentimental ‘tones’: daintiness or daring. The ‘daintiness’
movements employed an Elizabethan or Cavalier atmosphere and were
a form of escape from the War; they were further characterized by
‘cuteness’ (in the American sense), archness, slyness and naughtiness;
the impression they left was of an argument in which the poet always
won by having the last word. The ‘daring’ movements used for the most
part free, very free, verse; they were ‘confessing’ movements in which
the poet, under the influence of war-excitement, indulged in one burst
of confidence after another. Imagism may be said to have engaged only
the upper half of the plain reading public. But Georgianism in England
and the daintiness and daring movements in America made poetry pay for
a long time; until the poets and the plain readers grew tired, at about
the same time. It can be said unreservedly that of all that creative
and reading enthusiasm _nothing_ remains except, perhaps, a few
shadowy names. Of the war poets whose works were temporarily advertised
by their death in action only three can be regretted: Sorley, Rosenberg
and Owen.
Of the Imagists H.D. (Hilda Doolittle) was the most publicly applauded;
all we have left of her now is the blushing memory of a short-lived
popularity in the more adventurous reviews, and a few false metaphors.
What disappears first in the poetry of dead movements is the personal
reality of the poet, which has been represented with false intensity to
make a romantic personal appeal to the reader (an appeal which does not
appear so extravagantly in modernist poetry); the poetry itself drags
on a little longer, waste.
O night,
you take the petals
of the roses in your hand
but leave the stark core
of the rose
to perish on the branch.
Compare this metaphor with an equally eccentric one of Emily
Dickinson’s, a poet belonging to no ‘movement’ and whose personal
reality pervades her work, though she kept it strictly out of her work:
Victory comes late
And is held low to freezing lips
Too wrapt with frost
To take.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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