A palm related to _Acrocomia_ and to the genera commonly grouped under the name _Martinezia_, to which _Aiphanes_ and _Marara_ are generally referred as synonyms. Reasons why none of these names appears available for the Puerto Rico species are given below. The characters of the fruit, with foramina near the middle, seem to indicate that _Curima_ is not remotely related to _Acrocomia_, from which it differs superficially in the more slender habit, the truncate or praemorse leaves and the very long and lax inflorescence. =Curima colophylla= sp. nov. Plate 46. The solitary trunk rises from a mass of spiny roots somewhat smaller than those of the llume palm (_Aeria_). Diameter of trunk from 1–1.5 cm., often slightly thinner near the ground, though showing no such tendency to bulge as appears in _Roystonea_, _Aeria_ and _Acrocomia_. The surface of the internodes is rather sparingly provided with needle-like spines smaller and more slender than those of _Acrocomia_. On old trunks the spines are often more or less completely absent. Leaves 2.13–2.5 m. long, with from 30 to 40 pairs of strap-shaped praemorse-truncate divisions shorter and broader as the end of the leaf is approached, and with a terminal undivided area several inches wide. There is no apparent tendency toward the arrangement of the leaf-divisions in clusters as in _Martinezia caryotaefolia_ and other allied species. The base, rachis, midribs and even the surfaces of the pinnae are beset with coarse black or deep red spines which are closely appressed when young and become erect as soon as the surfaces are exposed, all the parts except the spines and the upper surfaces of the leaf-division being covered at first with a light grayish or brownish scurfy coating which gradually disappears. The inner spathe is narrowly fusiform and about 1 m. long. It splits to the level of the outer spathe revealing the spadix and its extremely spiny peduncle. The flowers are greenish cream colored in mass, paler and not so yellow as in _Acrocomia_. The pistillate flowers are relatively very few and located near the base of the simple branches. The cherry-like fruits are dull orange or brick red with rather dry fleshy or oily exocarp having a rather mealy though distinctly acid flavor, but no really unpleasant taste. This fleshy covering is only very slightly fibrous, and that near the base; the seeds fall off very easily sometimes leaving the base of the exocarp attached to the fruiting branch. The nut is about 12 mm. in greatest or transverse diameter and about 10 mm. high, while the fresh fruit is 14–16 mm. through and 12 or 13 mm. thick. The surface is deeply and irregularly pitted and marked with three radially fibrous striate foveolae.