With this preliminary description we may return to the consideration of the generic names _Martinezia_, _Aiphanes_ and _Marara_ which other writers have applied to relatives of the present palm or treated as synonyms. _Martinezia_ was described by Ruiz and Pavon (Prodr. Flor. Per. et Chil. 148. 1794) for five Peruvian palms, but it was amended by Martius (Hist. Nat. Palm. =3=: 283) by the removal of all the original species and the substitution of a new set. Of the original species studied by Ruiz and Pavon only two, _M. ciliata_ and _M. abrupta_ were mentioned in connection with the original description of the genus, and this because they offered exceptions to the generic characters. If these were to be excluded for this reason from those among which the type is to be sought, the name _Martinezia_ must go with the subsequently published _M. ensiformis_, now referred to _Euterpe_[6] or with _M. lanceolata_ and _M. linearis_, now placed in _Chamaedorea_. If we hold to the first species, _M. ciliata_, _Martinezia_ is probably a synonym of _Bactris_. The second species, _M. abrupta_, has escaped Martius and the Index Kewensis, in which a sixth name _M. interrupta_ is the only one by Ruiz and Pavon now credited as being a genuine _Martinezia_. Thus by the method of elimination _Martinezia_ would according to current classification replace _Chamaedorea_ while by the method of types it would stand as a synonym of _Bactris_. The genus _Aiphanes_ was established by Willdenow on _Aiphanes aculeata_, a spiny palm from the mountains about Caracas. The trunk is said to be erect, ten meters high, subcylindrical and very spiny. The leaves are about 1.6 m. long, with four pairs of remote, broad, cuneate, praemorse pinnae, strongly whitish pubescent on the under side; the petiole is also beset with spines. Spathe acuminate at both ends, aculeate on the outside, smooth within, opening longitudinally; spadix 4.5 dm. long, composed of cylindrical spikes placed opposite. Flowers hermaphrodite; calyx trifid, the divisions acute; petals acuminate; filaments 6, subulate, anthers rounded, style as long as the stamens, stigma trifid; drupe globose, the fleshy farinaceous pulp rather tasteless, though edible; nut hard, of the size of a musket ball, unilocular, black, furrowed with a large number of grayish grooves, of which three are always much larger than the others. The kernel is white, very sweet, and very good to eat. _Aiphanes_ grows in the ravines and forests of the high mountains of the district of Caucagua, province of Caracas, Venezuela and requires a fertile, somewhat moist soil. It flowers and fruits in July. From the above it appears that _Aiphanes_ is a genus quite different from _Curima_, approaching some of the South American species of _Bactris_ much more closely than it resembles the Puerto Rico tree.