[21] Mr. Lay, in a memorandum dated April 1844, gave it as his opinion that the difficulty of admitting opium rested only in the thought that it would be a violation of decorum for His Imperial Majesty to legalize a thing once so strongly condemned. He therefore advocated a change of name. [22] Sir G. Bonham, April 10, 1851. [23] Tael = 6s. 8d. [24] The French took part in the expedition in order to obtain satisfaction for the murder of a missionary in 1856, so that in their case it was strictly a missionary war. [25] New Kwang, Tangchow, Taiwan (Formosa), Swatow, and Kungchow (Hainan). [26] Mr. Lay, secretary to Lord Elgin's mission. [27] Lord Elgin had been instructed by Lord Clarendon to ascertain whether the Chinese Government would revoke its prohibitions on opium. "Whether," says Lord Clarendon, "the legalization would tend to augment the trade may be doubtful, as it seems now to be carried to the full extent of the demand in China with the sanction and connivance of the local authorities." [28] It was currently reported in North China that this officer received 2,000 taels from English merchants for memorializing the Emperor. The edict _did_ benefit the foreign trade at first. [29] Sir Rutherford Alcock, _Nineteenth Century_, Dec. 1881, p. 861. [30] From sixteen taels at Chinkiang to eighty-four taels at Foochow and Amoy. [31] Ichang, Wenchow, Wuhu, and Pakhoi. [32] Sept. 13, 1876. [33] Dr. Moore, _The Other Side of the Opium Question_, p. 85. [34] Sir Rutherford Alcock, _Journal of Society of Arts_, p. 220, b. [35] Dr. Moore (p. 84) quotes Mr. Gardner's opinion to this effect. [36] _Times_, Jan. 26, 1881. To the same effect is the evidence of Don Sinibaldo, who says (p. 3), "On prétend que l'opium produit chez lui une délicieuse ivresse, un doux sommeil, une vive surexcitation qui deviennent nécessaires á l'existence, et qu'on ne peut obtenir qu'en augmentant progressivement la dose journalière. Pour moi, j'ai souvent fumé de l'opium, et je n'ai éprouvé rien de semblable; un grand nombre d'Européens qui avaient fait la même épreuve m'ont assuré qu'elle avait eu pour eux les mêmes résultats que pour moi." Perhaps a remark of Dr. Moore (p. 34) may explain these statements. He says, "If the opium-pipe is smoked as the tobacco-pipe is smoked, the effects are very inconsiderable as compared with the results when the novice has attained to perfection in his practice"--_i.e._ can pass the smoke through his lungs. [37] Colonel Tod, in his book on the Rajpoots, draws a strong picture of the evil effects of opium consumption among them. Of this Sir Henry Lawrence, in a letter to Sir John Kaye, 1854, says, "There is little, if any, truth in it."