Across the Reef: The Marine Assault of TarawaAlexander, Joseph H.
History
Across the Reef: The Marine Assault of Tarawa
Alexander, Joseph H.
Tarawa, Battle of, Kiribati, 1943; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- World War, 1939-1945
The 2d Marine Division still had five more hours of hard fighting on
Betio the morning of D+3 before the island could be conquered. Late
in the morning, General Smith sent this report to Admiral Hill on
_Maryland_:
Decisive defeat of enemy counterattack last night destroyed bulk of
hostile resistance. Expect complete annihilation of enemy on Betio
this date. Strongly recommend that you and your chief of staff
come ashore this date to get information about the type of hostile
resistance which will be encountered in future operations.
Meanwhile, following a systematic preliminary bombardment, the fresh
troops of McLeod’s LT 3/6 passed through Jones’ lines and commenced
their attack to the east. By now, Marine assault tactics were well
refined. Led by tanks and combat engineers with flamethrowers and
high explosives, the troops of 3/6 made rapid progress. Only one
bunker, a well-armed complex along the north shore, provided effective
opposition. McLeod took advantage of the heavy brush along the south
shore to bypass the obstacle, leaving one rifle company to encircle
and eventually overrun it. Momentum was maintained; the remaining
Japanese seemed dispirited. By 1300, McLeod reached the eastern tip of
Betio, having inflicted more than 450 Japanese casualties at the loss
of 34 of his Marines. McLeod’s report summarized the general collapse
of the Japanese defensive system in the eastern zone following the
counterattacks: “At no time was there any determined defensive....
We used flamethrowers and could have used more. Medium tanks were
excellent. My light tanks didn’t fire a shot.”
[Illustration:
U.S. Navy Combat Art Collection
_“Tarawa No. II,” a sketch by combat artist Kerr Eby, reflects the
difficulty in landing reinforcements over the long pier throughout the
battle. As Gen Julian Smith personally learned, landing across Green
Beach took longer but was much safer._]
[Illustration: _Marines fire a M-1919A4 machine gun from an improvised
“shelter” in the battlefield._
Department of Defense Photo 63495
]
The toughest fight of the fourth day occurred on the Red Beach One/Two
border where Colonel Shoup directed the combined forces of Hays’ 1/8
and Schoettel’s 3/2 against the “re-entrant” strongpoints. The Japanese
defenders in these positions were clearly the most disciplined--and the
deadliest--on the island. From these bunkers, Japanese antiboat gunners
had thoroughly disrupted the landings of four different battalions, and
they had very nearly killed General Smith the day before. The seaward
approaches to these strongpoints were littered with wrecked LVTs and
bloated bodies.
[Illustration:
Department of Defense Photo (USMC) 63455
_A Marine throws a hand grenade during the battle for the interior of
the island._]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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