Poets, English -- 19th century -- Biography; Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, Baron, 1809-1892
But Merlin, when asked by Bellicent to corroborate the statement of
Bleys, merely
“Answer’d in riddling triplets of old time.”
Finally, Leodogran’s faith is confirmed by a vision. Thus doubtfully,
amidst rumour and portent, cloud and spiritual light, comes Arthur: “from
the great deep” he comes, and in as strange fashion, at the end, “to the
great deep he goes”—a king to be accepted in faith or rejected by doubt.
Arthur and his ideal are objects of belief. All goes well while the
knights hold that
“The King will follow Christ, and we the King,
In whom high God hath breathed a secret thing.”
In history we find the same situation in the France of 1429—
“The King will follow Jeanne, and we the King.”
While this faith held, all went well; when the king ceased to follow, the
spell was broken,—the Maid was martyred. In this sense the poet
conceives the coming of Arthur, a sign to be spoken against, a test of
high purposes, a belief redeeming and ennobling till faith fails, and the
little rift within the lute, the love of Lancelot and Guinevere, makes
discord of the music. As matter of legend, it is to be understood that
Guinevere did not recognise Arthur when first he rode below her window—
“Since he neither wore on helm or shield
The golden symbol of his kinglihood.”
But Lancelot was sent to bring the bride—
“And return’d
Among the flowers, in May, with Guinevere.”
Then their long love may have begun, as in the story of Tristram sent to
bring Yseult to be the bride of King Mark. In Malory, however, Lancelot
does not come on the scene till after Arthur’s wedding and return from
his conquering expedition to Rome. Then Lancelot wins renown, “wherefore
Queen Guinevere had him in favour above all other knights; and in certain
he loved the Queen again above all other ladies damosels of his life.”
Lancelot, as we have seen, is practically a French creation, adopted to
illustrate the chivalrous theory of love, with its bitter fruit. Though
not of the original Celtic stock of legend, Sir Lancelot makes the
romance what it is, and draws down the tragedy that originally turned on
the sin of Arthur himself, the sin that gave birth to the traitor Modred.
But the mediæval romancers disguised that form of the story, and the
process of idealising Arthur reached such heights in the middle ages that
Tennyson thought himself at liberty to paint the _Flos Regum_, “the
blameless King.” He followed the _Brut ab Arthur_. “In short, God has
not made since Adam was, the man more perfect than Arthur.” This is
remote from the Arthur of the oldest Celtic legends, but justifies the
poet in adapting Arthur to the ideal hero of the Idylls:—
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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