Taking the amebas as a group and applying these principles of colloidal
solutions, we find that we can arrange the amebas in a series of four or
more grades representing differences of fluidity of the protoplasm.
Among the most fluid are _Amoeba limicola_ and _Pelomyxa schiedti_; in
the next group, with less fluid protoplasm is _Amoeba dubia_; in the
third group is _A. proteus_ and _A. discoides_; in the fourth group,
with the least fluid protoplasm, come _A. radiosa_ and _A. verrucosa_.
These groups represent a progressive increase in the amount of ectoplasm
in proportion to the endoplasm. There being less water present in the
higher groups than in the lower, which follows from a stiffer endoplasm,
it is possible for them to form endoplasm, that is, to change phase,
more readily. And as a corollary to this we may add that more pseudopods
are formed, since ectoplasm can be formed more readily. (The _verrucosa_
types possess very stiff ectoplasm, and they increase their surface by
flattening out and by forming longitudinal ridges. They cannot for some
unknown reason form pseudopods). Again with the increase in the
consistency of the protoplasm, the pseudopods become more slender (and
stiffer) and more contractile, the most slender pseudopods (_radiosa_,
_flagellipodia_) being very much more contractile than the larger ones
of _proteus_ or _discoides_, for example. An additional factor operates
here, however, for some of the slender pseudopods as of _radiosa_ and
_bilzi_ are static and for a great part of their existence practically
incapable of contraction. The high development of contractility follows,
of course, from the high degree of dispersion of the internal phase in
ectoplasm, of which these pseudopods almost wholly consist. Thus, many,
if not most, of the more generalized peculiarities of form of amebas may
be traced to the amount of water in the protoplasm.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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