As the tribes now exist, I should consider the Taiyal, of the north, the largest, both in population and also as regards the territory over which its members roam.[51] Next to the Taiyal, the Ami, of the east coast, is the largest tribe, both in population and in extent of territory; next, the Paiwan, of the south. On this point--that of the relative size of population of the aboriginal tribes--I should be inclined to agree with the Bureau of Aboriginal Affairs (Japanese), of Formosa, rather than with Mr. Ishii, who considers the Paiwan the largest of the aboriginal tribes as regards population. The Japanese usually speak of the “Savages of the North” and the “Savages of the South”; those “of the North” being the Taiyal--or “tattooed tribe,” so called because of the rather remarkable way in which the faces of these people are tattooed, of which I shall speak more in detail under another heading--together with the few remaining members of the Saisett tribe. In speaking of the Taiyal tribe, the “Report of the Control of the Aborigines in Formosa,” issued by the Japanese Government, says: “Their district [that of the Taiyal] comprises an area of about 500 square _ri_ (2,977 square miles), with a population of about 30,000; _but on account of the advancement of the guard-line in recent years, their district is gradually becoming less_” (italics my own). This statement as to the district of the Taiyal “gradually becoming less” (something which is acclaimed as being to the credit of the Japanese Government) might with equal truth be made regarding the territory of the other aboriginal tribes, those who are grouped together by the Japanese under the general term “Savages of the South,” about all of whom the cordon is gradually being drawn tighter. The Taiyal is not only the largest and most powerful aboriginal tribe on the island, but it is also--perhaps for this reason--the boldest and least submissive. Most of the adult men of this tribe have upon their faces the tattoo-mark signifying that they have at least one human head to their credit. The other head-hunting tribes of the island are the Bunun and the Paiwan. [Illustration: TAIYAL WOMAN (LEFT), A WOMAN LIVING AMONG THE TAIYAL TRIBE, BELIEVED TO BE PART PIGMY (RIGHT). (_See page 107._)] [Illustration: WOMAN OF THE YAMI TRIBE OF BOTEL TOBAGO. (_The tiny island just south of Formosa proper._) _Note the difference of type, as compared with the more northern tribes._]