An Abridgment of the Architecture of Vitruvius: Containing a System of the Whole Works of that AuthorVitruvius Pollio
History
An Abridgment of the Architecture of Vitruvius: Containing a System of the Whole Works of that Author
Vitruvius Pollio
Architecture -- Early works to 1800
Upon these _Sabliers_ which serve for an _Architrave_, must be built a
little Wall, which will serve instead of a _Frise_.
The _Cornice_ which is laid upon this little Wall or _Frise_, has
_Mutal's_ which jet out.
All the Crowning should have the 4th part of the height of the Pillar.
The little Walls that are built between the ends of the Beams which rest
upon the Pillars, must be garnished and covered with Boards, which must
be nailed upon the ends of the Beams.
The _Piedement_, which may be either of Stone or Wood, and which must
support the _Faistag_ or _Top_, the _Forces_, and the _Pans_, has a
particular Proportion; for it must be much raised to give it a
sufficient sloping for the running of the Water. See Tab. V.
ART. VI.
_Of the_ Dorick _Order._
[Sidenote: _Lib._ 4. _Chap._ 1.]
The _Dorick_ Pillar has had in divers times, and in different Buildings,
different Proportions; for at first it had only for its height 6 times
its Diameter; this Proportion imitating that of Humane Bodies, in which
the length of the Foot is the 6th part of all the Body, afterwards they
allowed 7 times its Diameter.
[Sidenote: _Lib._ 5. _Chap._ 9.]
But this Proportion that the Pillars of the Temples had at the
Beginning, was afterwards changed in that of the Theaters, where they
were higher by half a Diameter; for they made them 15 Modules high, for
in the _Dorick Order_ the Semi-Diameter of the Pillar at the bottom is
the Module, which in other Orders is a whole Diameter.
[Sidenote: _Lib. 4. Chap. 1._]
The _Dorick_ Pillar is composed as well as the rest of a _Shaft_, _Base_
and _Capital_, though _Vitruvius_ makes no mention of the _Base_; and
it's easie to conclude, that in the Ancient Buildings this _Order_ had
none; for it is said, That when they would make the _Ionick Order_ more
Beautiful than the _Dorick_, they added a _Base_ to it; and there is yet
to be seen in Ancient Buildings of this Order, Pillars without a _Base_;
but when a _Base_ is added to it, it must be _Attick Base_, whose
Proportion is as follows.
The whole _Base_ ought to have a _Module_ for its height; that is to
say, half the Diameter of the Pillar; this _Module_ being divided into
three parts; one is for the _Plinthus_; the other two parts are divided
into four, of which one is allowed for the upper _Torus_, the three
which remain, are divided into two: The half below is for the lower
_Torus_, the other is for the _Scotiae_, comprising the two little
Squares or Filets. The breadth of the _Basis_ in General is a 4th of the
Diameter of the Pillar at the bottom, added on every side; but this
jetting is excessive, and without any Example, and _Vitruvius_ himself
makes it lesser in the _Ionick Base_.
[Sidenote: _Lib. 4. Chap. 3._]
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