Old Scandinavian national names, such as Thorkil, Erik, Haldan, Harald, Else, and several others, were formerly, at least, not unfrequently used in these districts. Surnames, such as Adamson, Jackson, Johnson, Nelson (Nielson), Thomson, Stevenson, Swainson, and others, all of which have endings in _son_ or _sen_, which never appear in Saxon names, still frequently occur. The ending _sön_ or _sen_ (a son) is quite peculiar to the countries of Scandinavia, whence it was brought over to England by the Scandinavian colonists. It is not, however, confined to the north of England, but is spread over all the British Islands where the Northmen settled; for instance, in Scotland we find Anderson, Matheson, &c. It is very remarkable that the name of Johnson, which, as is well known, is one of the commonest in England, is also, perhaps, in the selfsame form, that which most frequently occurs in Iceland. The still-existing popular dialect affords an excellent proof that the resemblance of the inhabitants of the northern counties of England to the Danes and Norwegians is not confined to a, perhaps accidental, personal likeness. The pure English language itself includes, both with regard to its vocabulary and inflexions, many Scandinavian elements, the result of the Danish immigration. But, in the north of England, many words and phrases are preserved in the popular language, which are neither found nor understood in other parts, although they sound quite familiar to every Northman. These original Scandinavian terms are not only applied, as I have before said, to waterfalls, mountains, rivulets, fords, and islands, but are also in common use in daily life; as, for instance, _late_ (_Dan._, lede; _Eng._, to seek), _lite_ (_Dan._, lide; _Eng._, to rely), _helle_ (_Dan._, helde; _Eng._, to pour out), _hit_ (_Dan._, hitte; _Eng._, to find), _clip_ (_Dan._, klippe; _Eng._, to cut), _forelders_ (_Dan._, Forældre, or Forfædre; _Eng._, ancestors, forefathers), _updaals_ (_Dan._, opdals; _Eng._, up the valley), _kirk-folk_ (_Dan._, Kirkefolk; _Eng._, people going to church), _kirk-garth_ (_Dan._, Kirke-gaard; _Eng._, churchyard), with many others.