Female insects flat, convex, or globular; elongated or circular; naked, or covered with waxy, horny, glassy, cottony, or felted secretion forming a covering or test. Adults sometimes apodous and without antennæ. Abdomen in all stages exhibiting a more or less defined cleft, and, above or beside it, on the dorsal surface, two more or less conspicuous, roughly triangular, lobes. Mentum usually monomerous or dimerous. Male larvæ resembling females. Male pupæ covered with a test of secretion, waxy or glassy. Male adults not greatly differing from Diaspidinæ; abdominal spike usually short and thick. SUBDIVISIONS AND GENERA. Subdivision I. Insects covering themselves with a secretion, composed chiefly of waxy, horny, or glassy matter Lecanodiaspidæ. Test of female horny, partly formed of the second pellicle Lecanochiton. Test of female waxy, with a single fringe of broad segments at the edge Ctenochiton. Test of female glassy, elevated, striated with air-cells Inglisia. _Not yet represented in New Zealand._ Test of female waxy, produced into radiating branches Vinsonia. Test of female waxy, without fringe or branches Ceroplastes. Test of female waxy, elevated, not striated with air-cells Fairmairia. Tests agglomerated in a waxy mass containing colonies of insects, male and female Carteria. Test of female absent; tests of males aggregated in a waxy mass Ericerus. Subdivision II. Female insects naked Lecanidæ. Females propagating without ovisac, arboreal Lecanium. Females constructing ovisac, arboreal Pulvinaria. _Not yet represented in New Zealand._ Females propagating without ovisac, subterranean, retaining feet and antennæ Lecanopsis. Females propagating without ovisac, subterranean, losing feet and antennæ Aclerda. Note.--The genus _Physokermes_, Targioni-Tozzetti, is placed by Signoret (loc. cit., 1874, p. 87) amongst those which here form this subdivision; but there seems to be no sufficient distinction between it and _Lecanium_. Subdivision III.