{37a} The Dogger Sands, in the North Sea, lie in the direction of a line drawn from Scarborough, in Yorkshire, to the coast of Jutland, terminating within fifty miles of the latter place.—On the 5th of August, 1781, an obstinate engagement took place immediately off this Bank, between the English and Dutch Fleets. {37b} Ed. Phil. Journ. No. v. page 44. 1820.—Stevenson on the Bed of the German Ocean or North Sea. {37c} Ibid. {38a} Button, vol. vi. p. 424. {38b} Goldsmith’s History of the Earth and Animated Nature, vol. 1, p. 161. {39} See Appendix. {40a} See Appendix. {40b} Lyell’s Geology, vol. 2, p. 54. {41} The term shallow is applied by the Author to any hollow or cavity which may occur in the beach, and frequently designated a low or cane. {42a} Groins are formed of piles and wooden planks, or of faggots staked down, and they are used either to break the force of the waves, or to retain the beach. {42b} See Appendix. {43a} See Appendix. {43b} Ibid. {44} This was observed by the Author in June, 1844. {45a} Taylor’s Geology of East Norfolk, p. 10. {45b} Ibid. {45c} See Appendix. {47} See Appendix. {48a} Communicated to the Author by J. Brown, Esq., F.G.S. {48b} See Appendix. {48c} Ibid. {48d} Ibid. {49a} See Lyell’s Geology, vol. 3, p. 338. {49b} This vessel rests on her starboard side, and part of her ribs are visible on the ebbing of the tide in calm weather. Every soul on board met with a watery grave; and since that period the Ranger cutter foundered in a heavy gale on the outermost bank, and went to pieces, about a quarter of a mile to the south-east of the same gap, and every person on board experienced a similar fate. {50a} These sand hills are composed of dry sand, bound in a compact mass by the long creeping roots of the plant called Marram (Arundo Arenaria); and such is the present set of the tides, that the harbours of Cley, Wells, and other places, are securely defended by these barriers. {50b} See Appendix. {50c} Ibid. {50d} Ibid. {55} The knowledge of the different strata composing the cliffs is derived from an interesting publication by the Rev. C. Green, Minister of Bacton Chapel, entitled the History, Antiquities, and Geology of Bacton, in Norfolk, published in 1842. The indefatigable and learned Author being about to publish a work upon the Geology of Norfolk generally, with an account of the Fossils, Bones, &c., deposited in its different strata, the minute details of their stratification has been avoided, as considered unnecessary for this publication.