[Sidenote: and nations cannot fix that proportion by any convention among themselves.] We may farther conclude, that it is to no purpose for nations to agree by treaty upon a certain proportion between silver and gold in their coins: it is the several market prices every where which alone can regulate that proportion, and the only method to keep matters even between them, is to make the denominations in both species keep an equal pace with the price of the metals in their own market. [Sidenote: Why is the proportion of the metals so different in England and Asia?] Here it is farther objected, that were these principles just, there would not be found so great a disproportion as there actually is, between the value of gold and silver in Europe, and in the empire of China. To this I answer, that the principles are just, and that this difference proceeds from incidental circumstances which I shall now point out. [Sidenote: Answer to this.] First then, the European trade hardly penetrates into that vast empire. 2. The lowness of the proportion between gold and silver is maintained by the high internal demand for silver in China. 3. The India trade being every where in the hands of companies, there is not so great a competition between the sellers of silver, in the Chinese market, as if that trade were open to every private adventurer; consequently the price of it is not so liable to be diminished. And last of all, the expence of carrying silver thither, and the long lying out of the interest, would put a stop to the trade, were the proportion between the metals to rise in China. This prevents competition still more between the different European companies, and consequently prevents the rising of the proportion. I need not observe, I suppose, that the term _rising of the proportion_, denotes the rising of the price of silver; as when being at that of 1 to 10, it comes, for example, to that of 1 to 11. This term has been already explained. [Sidenote: QUEST. 8. Is it the interest of Princes to debase the standard of their coin?] QUEST. VIII. Is it the interest of Princes to debase the standard of their coin? ANSW. This question has been already touched upon in the twelfth chapter of the first part. Perhaps some farther observations upon it may not be found superfluous. In order to set it in a fair light, I shall begin by reducing it to its ruling principle. The question turning entirely upon the _interest_ of Princes, I shall take no notice of the iniquity of such a measure with respect to their subjects; but shall confine it purely to the _interest_ they may have in exercising this branch of prerogative. [Sidenote: ANSW. It is their immediate interest to debase it when they are debtors, and to raise it when creditors, but always unjust.]