Ancient rhetoric and poetic : $b Interpreted from representative worksBaldwin, Charles Sears
History
Ancient rhetoric and poetic : $b Interpreted from representative works
Baldwin, Charles Sears
Classical literature -- History and criticism -- Theory, etc.; Poetics -- History -- To 1500; Rhetoric, Ancient
“Therefore _prosopopœiæ_ seem to me far the most difficult,
since they add to the other tasks of deliberative _declamatio_
(_suasoria_) the difficulty of characterization (_persona_).
For the same arguments must be urged in one way by Cæsar, in
another by Cicero, in another by Cato. But the practise is most
useful, either as a twofold task or as of the greatest interest
to poets also or to future historians. To orators it is even
necessary. For the many orations composed by Greeks or Latins
to be delivered by others had to adapt what was to be said
to the speaker’s habit of life. Did Cicero think in the same
way, or assume the same character, when he wrote for Pompey as
when he wrote for Ampius and others? Did he not, discerning
the fortune, the rank, the deeds of each of them, express the
very image of every one to whom he was giving voice, so that
they seemed to speak beyond themselves, indeed, but still as
themselves? Nor is a speech less faulty for deviating from
the person than from the case to which it should be adapted.
Admirably, therefore, Lysias, in what he wrote for the
untrained, is seen to have been faithful to their actual style.
“But _declamatores_[9] especially have to consider what
befits each character; for the forensics (_controversiæ_)
that they speak as advocates do are very few. Usually they
become sons or fathers, rich, old, harsh, mild, avaricious,
even superstitious, timid, or mocking, so that even comedy
actors hardly conceive more ways of life on the stage than
they on the platform. All these [exercises] may be regarded
as _prosopopœiæ_. I have brought them under the head of
_suasoriæ_ because the only difference is in [the assumption
of] character, although the exercise is sometimes extended also
to _controversiæ_.”[10] III. viii. 49-52.
(3) _Status_
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