The parasite is he whose profession it is to live at the expense of his neighbour, and whose only employment consists in taking advantage of him, but prudently, so as not to endanger his life. He is a pauper who needs help, lest he should die on the public highway, but who practises the precept--not to kill the fowl in order to get the eggs. It is at once seen that he is essentially different from the messmate who is simply a companion at table. The beast of prey kills its victim in order to feed upon his flesh, the parasite does not kill; on the contrary he profits by all the advantages enjoyed by the host on whom he thrusts his presence. The limits which separate the animals of prey from the parasite are usually very clearly marked; yet the larva of the ichneumon, which eats its nurse, piece after piece, resembles a carnivorous animal as much as a parasite. There are indeed certain animals which take advantage of the good condition of their Amphitryon, but which 86 render to him in return precious services. Thus those which live on the produce of the secretions, or which clear the system of useless materials in exchange for the hospitality which they receive, are not true parasites. These services are of a very different character, and the duties which they sometimes perform for each other are in some respects analogous to medical care. Every animal has its own parasites, which always come from without. With some few exceptions, they are introduced by means of food or drink. In order to ascertain their origin, the naturalist must beforehand study the food, that is to say, the prey or the plant which furnishes the habitual nourishment of the host which gives them shelter.