This is not the case with the lower jaws of Naulette, Aurignac, and Arcy, which are undoubtedly genuine and of great antiquity. The Naulette jaw is, indeed, very imperfect, yet we can trace the construction of the symphysis of the chin, which provokes comparison with the lower jaws of many anthropoids, especially those of the gorilla and chimpanzee (Fig. 37). The resemblance consists chiefly in the uprightness of the anterior surface, and especially of the body of the maxillary bone. In anthropoids this surface of the bone retreats from the row of teeth backwards and downwards to the lower edge of the body of the maxillary bone (Fig. 38); and in the Naulette specimen, as well as in the lower jaws of some modern Papuan skulls (of New Hebrides and elsewhere), there is a certain approximation to the simian type. A fossil ape (_Dryopithecus Fontanii_) has been found in the Middle Miocene of Saint-Gaudens, assumed to be one of the higher anthropoids, and in this case the jaw is only slightly retreating. Gaudry considers that the _Dryopithecus_ was about the size of a man. The incisor teeth were small. The cusps of the back molar teeth were less rounded than in Europeans, and more like those of Australians. It has been surmised, although the fact cannot be established, that the last molar teeth were only cut after the canine teeth, as is the case with the human wisdom teeth. Gaudry gives the illustration of the lower jaw of a Tasmanian, from eleven to twelve years old, together with that of _Dryopithecus Fontanii_. In the human jaw the first molar tooth is larger than in the _Dryopithecus_, while the canine tooth and the pre-molars are much weaker. This distinction is important, since the smaller size of the front teeth is connected with the slight projection of the face, which is always a sign of human superiority. Although the canine tooth of the _Dryopithecus_ is broken, we can see that it must have been considerably higher than the other teeth, and indeed the canine teeth of the male animal must have been very powerful. There is also a slight prominence in the teeth of this ape, which is absent in those of men. _Mesopithecus_, from the Miocene of Pikermi, Attica, was an ape less closely resembling the anthropoids. In the structure of the head it resembles the slender ape (_Semnopithecus_), and in the structure of the limbs it is like a macaca (_Macacus_). Gaudry believes that Sansan’s _Pliopithecus_ was related to the gibbon. An ape of the size of the orang-utan, which belongs to the slender apes (_Semnopithecus sub-himalayanus_),[45] was found by Baker and Durand in the Miocene of the Sewalik mountains.