Alaska -- Antiquities; Eskimos; Eskimos -- Anthropometry; Indians of North America -- Alaska; Indians of North America -- Yukon
The island is just a big rock, with barren flat top and steep sides,
covered where inclination permits with great numbers of larger and
smaller granite bowlders. There is neither tree nor brush here. The
village, if it deserves that name, with a school, occupies an easier
slope, facing the larger island across a strait seemingly about a
mile broad. There are but a few dwellings, due to local necessities
and conditions built above ground and outside of stone. One that was
entered showed a dark fore-room, a storage attic, and a cozy somewhat
lighted living and sleeping back room, entered through a low and narrow
entrance. The houses seem to be built on old débris of habitations, and
there are refuse heaps, one of which was eventually worked in by Doctor
Jenness, though without much profit.
The bowlder-covered slope above the village was the burial ground of
the natives. (Pl. 5, _b_.) Unfortunately most of the skeletal remains
have been collected by a former teacher and then left and lost. With
Doctor Jenness and the present teacher, himself an Eskimo, we climb
from bowlder to bowlder and collect what remains. The work is both
risky to the limbs and difficult in other respects. The large bowlders
are piled up many deep; and there being little or no soil, there are
all sorts of holes and crevices between and underneath the stones. Deep
in these crevices, completely out of sight or reach, nest innumerable
birds (the little auk), and their chatter is heard everywhere. But into
these impenetrable crevices also have fallen many of the bones and
skulls of the bodies that have been "buried" among the bowlders, and
also doubtless many of the smaller articles laid by the bodies.
The burials here were made in any suitable space among the rocks. The
body was laid in this space, without any coffin and evidently not much
clothing. About it and on the rocks above were placed various articles.
We found clay lamps, remnants of various wooden objects, the bone end
pieces of lances, and finally one or two pieces of driftwood to mark
the place. Here the bodies decayed and what was left had either tumbled
or was washed by rain into the crevices. It was suggested, however,
that much may have been taken by dogs and foxes. Some of the skulls
and here and there one of the larger bones remained, to eventually be
covered by moss and eroded. With the help of Doctor Jenness and the
teacher I was able to find five male and seven female crania in fair
condition, which will be of much value in the study of this interesting
contingent of the Eskimo.
No evidence in the graveyard among the rocks of any great antiquity,
nothing more than perhaps a few scores of years. But traces of older
burials would surely be completely lost among the rocks, though they
may lie in the deep crevices and holes where they can not be reached.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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