Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuriesHitchcock, Henry-Russell
History
Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell
Architecture, Modern -- 19th century; Architecture, Modern -- 20th century
The Singakademie in Berlin of 1822 and a large house in Charlottenburg
for the banker Behrend, on the other hand, are very accomplished
exercises in a rigidly Classical mode such as his French contemporaries
were currently essaying with markedly less elegance of proportion. The
Zivilcasino in Potsdam, begun the next year, where an awkward site
forced—or perhaps merely justified—an asymmetrical juxtaposition of the
parts, illustrated an aspect of Schinkel’s talent that is particularly
significant to his twentieth-century admirers: the imposition of
coherent geometrical order upon an edifice markedly irregular in its
massing. This was something the English were only playing at in these
years when they designed Picturesque Italian Villas such as Nash’s
Cronkhill or loosely composed Castellated Mansions such as Gwrych (Plate
49).
It is characteristic of Romantic Classicism that Schinkel’s
masterpiece—and, with Soane’s later Bank interiors, the masterpiece of
the period—should be a museum. The Altes Museum, designed in 1823 and
built in 1824-8, faces the Schloss across the Lustgarten, to which
Schinkel’s just completed Schlossbrücke gave a dignified new approach.
The Museum quite outranked his rather undistinguished cathedral; yet at
first glance it may seem one of the least original and most tamely
archaeological of Romantic Classical buildings (Plate 13). Substituting
for the paradigm of the pedimented peripteral temple that of the stoa,
Schinkel evidently counted on the prestige of a giant Grecian order to
impress his contemporaries, quite as Brongniart had done at the Paris
Bourse (Plate 8B). But the Museum retains the admiration of a twentieth
century usually bored, and even shocked, by such stylophily because of
the extraordinary logic and elegance of its total organization.
The frontal plane of superbly detailed Ionic columns is not weak at the
corners, as colonnades seen against the light generally are, for here
spur walls ending in antae firmly enframe the long, unbroken range. And
if this frontal columnar plane is unbroken—and also seems to deny by its
giant scale the fact that this is a two-storey structure—within the dark
of the portico, made darker and more Romantic by a richly coloured mural
designed by Schinkel and executed under the direction of Peter
Cornelius, one soon becomes aware of a recessed oblong where a double
flight of stairs leads to the upper storey. Moreover, lest this façade
be read, like a stoa, as no more than a portico, there rises over the
centre, still farther to the rear, a rectangular attic.
[Illustration:
Figure 6. Karl Friedrich von Schinkel: Berlin, Altes Museum, 1824-8
section
]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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