If the entire humerus has been removed a very extensive enclosure of the front and back of the chest is essential and in order that the axilla may be in close contact with the top of the limb it is a good thing to stretch across this space a layer of some firm material. These appliances can be used to steady a piece of paper upon which the patient is writing, to carry a parcel which is not too heavy with the elbow flexed, to grip an article with the thumb. A workman who is being re-educated for some occupation which is possible for a one-armed man, will usually--unless he is going out for pleasure--leave his artificial arm at home in the cupboard. _CHAPTER X_ SOME GENERAL PRINCIPLES IN THE RE-EDUCATION OF THE DISABLED WHEN a disabled man has been fitted with an artificial limb he has to learn a trade which will enable him to supplement his pension and provide for himself and his family. In our opinion, which we believe we have expressed more than once in this book, it is nearly always advisable to determine what profession will ultimately be possible before ordering the artificial limb. This principle is perhaps not always thoroughly understood, although there are fitting centres where it is fully recognised (a proof of this may be found in a recent article by Nové-Josserand and Bouget). It is unnecessary to repeat that whilst every effort must be made to associate form with function, the latter is bound to take precedence of the former. It is, however, not always easy to impress upon patients, and more especially upon their protectors, that _form_ is for Sundays and holidays, and _function_ is for workdays. The grave problem of re-education of amputation cases, and in a more general sense of all the maimed, now confronts us. We believe it to be worth while to indicate the general principles so far as they are at present understood. I At the outbreak of war the idea of the disabled in general, and particularly of those who had had a limb amputated, was often to give up any really active trade and to seek a "situation" generally as an official with no actual manual labour. It must be confessed that many people, especially the nurses, encouraged them in this, and possibly the latter would not deny having done so. It has rapidly become evident that there are too many maimed to be supplied with situations as caretakers of public gardens or doorkeepers, and that they will not be able to gain a living by making tricoloured decanter-mats of string or raffia or artificial flowers, when bazaars organised for their benefit by tender-hearted souls have gone out of fashion. One of us was present a short while ago at the following little scene:--