[147] Chiefly from the _Chronicle_. [148] Louis the Stammerer. [149] Cf. chap. 59. [150] Charles the Bald. [151] Cf. chaps. 11 and 13. [152] From the _Chronicle_. [153] From Duisburg, about January, 884 (Stevenson). [154] There was a battle in Frisia, about December, 884, and a later one in Saxony (Stevenson). [155] Mainly from the _Chronicle_. [156] The North Sea. [157] Brittany. [158] Louis the German. [159] Louis the Pious. [160] Mainly from the _Chronicle_. [161] From the _Chronicle_. [162] Based upon the preface to Eginhard’s _Life of Charlemagne_. [163] See chap. 21. [164] Original. [165] Perhaps the hemorrhoids. [166] Interpolated some time between 893 and 1000 A.D. [167] In Alfred’s prayer at the end of his translation of Boethius, one of the petitions is: ‘Deliver me from foul lust and from all unrighteousness.’ [168] Original. [169] This is the beginning of a corrupt sentence, of which nothing has been made. [170] MS. _Eadredo_. [171] See Appendix I, p. 70. [172] See chaps. 24 and 88. [173] Original. [174] Cf. Alfred’s jewel, and the book upon it by Professor Earle. [175] See chaps. 23 and 75. [176] Our first accounts of Arctic exploration are from his pen. For his interest in geographical discovery see the narratives of Ohthere and Wulfstan, in his translation of Orosius. In 897, according to the _Chronicle_, he was experimenting with new war-galleys: ‘They were almost twice as long as the others. Some had sixty oars, some more. They were swifter, steadier, and higher than the others, and were built, not on a Frisian or Danish model, but according to his personal notions of their utility.’ [177] There were Frisians in his fleet in 897 (_Chronicle_). [178] Northmen; such were Ohthere and Wulfstan (see note 1, above). [179] Three such came to him in 891 (_Chronicle_). [180] MS. _Armorici_. See chap. 102. [181] Or, ‘degrees’; cf. p. 60. [182] See chap. 101. [183] Matt. 6. 33. [184] Ps. 85. 8. [185] Cf. chap. 88; Stevenson gives a number of parallels from ancient and mediæval authors, beginning with Lucretius (3. 9) and Seneca (_Epist._ 84.3). [186] Cf. chap. 24. [187] Original. [188] See Appendix I, p. 69. In Alfred’s will he gives Werfrith (Wærferth) a hundred marks. [189] See Appendix I, p. 71. [190] Perhaps Bishop of Ramsbury (909 A.D.). The later MSS. of the _Chronicle_ say, under the year 883: ‘And in the same year Sighelm and Æthelstan took to Rome the alms that King Alfred sent, and also to India to St. Thomas’ and St. Bartholomew’s.’ [191] Or, ‘chaplains.’ See p. 61, note 6. [192] Original. [193] Probably from the monastery of St. Bertin, at St. Omer (Pas-de-Calais). See Appendix I, p. 71, and Appendix II, pp. 75 ff. [194] Cf. chap. 94, and Appendix I, p. 71. [195] Original. [196] Perhaps Dean, near Eastbourne, in Sussex.