world as different from our own as it is possible to imagine. There
is no visible surface crust and there are no permanent markings.
Different spots on the planet's disk give different periods of
rotation showing that it is atmospheric phenomena that we observe.
All is constant flux and change on Jupiter. Dense vapors arise
from a highly heated interior and spread out into belts parallel
to the equator in the direction of the planet's rotation. From its
nearest satellite all the interesting changes of color and form that
constantly take place in the atmosphere of this great globe could be
observed in great detail. The high percentage of light and heat that
Jupiter reflects from the sun to its nearer satellites makes it a
secondary sun to them of tremendous size though feeble strength.
As seen from Satellite I the other three major moons of Jupiter
present all the phases of our own moon in rapid succession, due to
their constantly changing positions with reference to the sun. The
five small moons, discovered in modern times, are so minute that they
are simply star-like points of light even when viewed from the other
moons of Jupiter.
To keep track of the rapidly changing positions and various phases
of the moons of Jupiter as seen from any one of them, as well as
the rapid _apparent_ motion of the planet through the sky due to
the revolutions of the satellite around the planet, would be a
troublesome task for an astronomer stationed on one of these far
distant worlds. It would be a common sight to see in the sky at one
time the huge planet, the far-distant, shrunken sun, and one, two
or three moons. Seen from the moons of Jupiter the constellations
would appear as they do to us on earth, for such a slight change in
position as five hundred million miles, more or less, is trivial
when one is looking at the stars. Observations of the stars from the
nearest moon of Jupiter would be attended with great difficulties at
times, since reflected sunlight from a body nearly twenty degrees in
diameter would be extremely troublesome, especially were the phases
of the planets near that of the full moon. We know how the presence
of our own moon in the heavens at the full dims the brightness of
the stars so that only the brightest stars are seen. Even as viewed
from the fourth or most distant of the major satellites the planet
subtends an angle of nearly five degrees. Occultations of the stars
are many and frequent as the huge planet globe glides swiftly through
the heavens. Many a moonlight night appears almost as day owing to
the presence of the enormous, brilliantly reflecting ball of light
and at times two or three moons in addition. Only the brightest stars
could possibly be seen under such circumstances. When, however, the
small worlds pass into the shadow of the great mother planet and not
only the light of the sun but also the reflected light of Jupiter
disappears for many minutes, the stars shine forth in all their glory
there as here.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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