Astronomy with an Opera-glass: A Popular Introduction to the Study of the Starry Heavens with the Simplest of Optical InstrumentsServiss, Garrett Putman
Science
Astronomy with an Opera-glass: A Popular Introduction to the Study of the Starry Heavens with the Simplest of Optical Instruments
Serviss, Garrett Putman
Astronomy
Above Aquarius you will find the constellation Pegasus. It is
conspicuously marked by four stars of about the second magnitude, which
shine at the corners of a large square, called the Great Square of
Pegasus. This figure is some fifteen degrees square, and at once
attracts the eye, there being few stars visible within the
quadrilateral, and no large ones in the immediate neighborhood to
distract attention from it. One of the four stars, however, as will be
seen by consulting Map 15, does not belong to Pegasus, but to the
constellation Andromeda. Mythologically, this constellation represents
the celebrated winged horse of antiquity:
"Now heaven his further wandering flight confines,
Where, splendid with his numerous stars, he shines."
The star Alpha ([alpha]) is called Markab; Beta ([beta]) is Scheat, and
Gamma ([gamma]) is Algenib; the fourth star in the square, belonging to
Andromeda, is called Alpheratz. Although Pegasus presents a striking
appearance to the unassisted eye, on account of its great square, it
contains little to attract the observer with an opera-glass. It will
prove interesting, however, to sweep with the glass carefully over the
space within the square, which is comparatively barren to the naked eye,
but in which many small stars will be revealed, of whose existence the
naked-eye observer would be unaware. The star marked Pi ([pi]) is an
interesting double, which can be separated by a good eye without
artificial aid, and which, with an opera-glass, presents a fine
appearance.
And now we come to Map No. 16, representing the constellations Cetus,
Pisces, Aries, and the Triangles. In consulting it the observer is
supposed to face the southeast. Cetus is a very large constellation, and
from the peculiar conformation of its principal stars it can be readily
recognized. The head is to the east, the star Alpha ([alpha]), called
Menkar, being in the nose of this imaginary inhabitant of the
sky-depths. The constellation is supposed to represent the monster that,
according to fable, was sent by Neptune to devour the fair Andromeda,
but whose bloodthirsty design was happily and gallantly frustrated by
Perseus, as we shall learn from starry mythology further on.
Although bearing the name Cetus, the Whale, the pictures of the
constellation in the old maps do not present us with the form of a
whale, but that of a most extraordinary scaly creature with enormous
jaws filled with large teeth, a forked tongue, fore-paws armed with
gigantic claws, and a long, crooked, and dangerous-looking tail. Indeed,
Aratus does not call it a "whale," but a "sea-monster," and Dr. Seiss
would have us believe that it was intended to represent the leviathan,
whose terrible prowess is celebrated in the book of Job.
[Illustration: MAP 16.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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