Astronomy with an Opera-glass: A Popular Introduction to the Study of the Starry Heavens with the Simplest of Optical InstrumentsServiss, Garrett Putman
Science
Astronomy with an Opera-glass: A Popular Introduction to the Study of the Starry Heavens with the Simplest of Optical Instruments
Serviss, Garrett Putman
Astronomy
By far the most interesting object in Cetus is the star Mira. This is a
famous variable--a sun that sometimes shines a thousand-fold more
brilliantly than at others! It changes from the second magnitude to the
ninth or tenth, its period from maximum to maximum being about eleven
months. During about five months of that time it is completely invisible
to the naked eye; then it begins to appear again, slowly increasing in
brightness for some three months, until it shines as a star of the
second magnitude, being then as bright as, if not brighter than, the
most brilliant stars in the constellation. It retains this brilliance
for about two weeks, and then begins to fade again, and, within three
months, once more disappears. There are various irregularities in its
changes, which render its exact period somewhat uncertain, and it does
not always attain the same degree of brightness at its maximum. For
instance, in 1779, Mira was almost equal in brilliance to a
first-magnitude star, but frequently at its greatest brightness it is
hardly equal to an ordinary star of the second magnitude. By the aid of
our little map you will readily be able to find it. You will perceive
that it has a slightly reddish tint. Watch it from one of its maxima,
and you will see it gradually fade from sight until, at last, only the
blackness of the empty sky appears where, a few months before, a
conspicuous star was visible. Keep watch of that spot, and in due course
you will perceive Mira shining there again--a mere speck, but slowly
brightening--and in three months more the wonderful star will blaze
again with renewed splendor.
Knowing that our own sun is a variable star--though variable only to a
slight degree, its variability being due to the spots that appear upon
its surface in a period of about eleven years--we possess some light
that may be cast upon the mystery of Mira's variations. It seems not
improbable that, in the case of Mira, the surface of the star at the
maximum of spottedness is covered to an enormously greater extent than
occurs during our own sun-spot maxima, so that the light of the star,
instead of being merely dimmed to an almost imperceptible extent, as
with our sun, is almost blotted out. When the star blazes with unwonted
splendor, as in 1779, we may fairly assume that the pent-up forces of
this perishing sun have burst forth, as in a desperate struggle against
extinction. But nothing can prevail against the slow, remorseless,
unswerving progress of that obscuration, which comes from the leaking
away of the solar heat, and which constitutes what we may call the death
of a sun. And that word seems peculiarly appropriate to describe the end
of a body which, during its period of visible existence, not only
presents the highest type of physical activity, but is the parent and
supporter of all forms of life upon the planets that surround it.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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