Athletics and Games of the Ancient GreeksPlummer, Edward M. (Edward Marwick)
History
Athletics and Games of the Ancient Greeks
Plummer, Edward M. (Edward Marwick)
Athletics; Olympics
While the Greeks in their athletic sports sought for grace and symmetry
as well as strength, it is nevertheless true that their wrestlers were
noted for their bulk. Corpulency was considered advantageous for a
wrestler for two reasons: first, the increased weight rendered it less
easy for an opponent to lift him off the ground; second, it was easier
for him, on the other hand, to overpower his adversary at the opportune
moment. Nevertheless, a graceful style of wrestling, while less easy
to attain under this condition, was much sought after. And oftentimes
grace is the concomitant of a skill that possesses a sure advantage
over mere bulk. Very joyous were the Olympic spectators when this fact
was demonstrated. When the boy Kratinos of Aigeira was victorious
in a match in which skill was more apparent than mere strength, the
authorities permitted him to have placed in the Altis not only his own
statue, but that of his teacher. Pausanias says that Kratinos exhibited
a more graceful style than any other wrestler of his time.
Two modes of wrestling were in vogue at Olympia, standing and ground
wrestling; the former, called the τριαγμός, was most common. The
contestants stood upright, face to face, and after one had been thrown
and had risen, the contest was renewed. This was the style practiced
by the Homeric heroes. After Aias and Odysseus had thrown each other
to the ground, they rose and continued the struggle. Victory was
bought with three throws. Standing wrestling was practiced in later
times at all the great games. Plato, especially, prefers this style,
as it develops the upper parts of the body, the arms, shoulders, chest
and neck. In the latter, or ground wrestling, when the combatants
had fallen they continued the struggle on the ground, until one
acknowledged himself conquered. This kind of wrestling belonged
especially to the pankration, and like that cruel contest was unknown
in heroic times. Solon, according to Lucian, claims that this mode is
of great value as a preparation for war. Plato, however, does not so
regard it. Dion Cassius, in his description of a battle between the
Romans and the Jazyges on the ice of the Danube, claimed that in this
particular instance, familiarity with ground wrestling was especially
advantageous.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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