In Australia, as at Pokolbin, New South Wales, in the Mersey River district, Tasmania, and in the Irwin River district, Western Australia, the Permian rocks, or "Permo-carboniferous" as they are generally called, often contain beds of impure limestone crowded with the chalky white tests of _Nubecularia_: other interesting genera occur at the first named locality as _Pelosina_, _Hyperammina_, _Haplophragmium_, _Placopsilina_, _Lituola_, _Thurammina_, _Ammodiscus_, _Stacheia_, _Monogenerina_, _Valvulina_, _Bulimina_, (?)_Pleurostomella_, _Lagena_, _Nodosaria_, _Frondicularia_, _Geinitzina_, _Lunucammina_, _Marginulina_, _Vaginulina_, _Anomalina_ and _Truncatulina_. The sandy matrix of certain _Glossopteris_ leaf-beds in the Collie Coal measures in W. Australia have yielded some dwarfed examples belonging to the genera _Bulimina_, _Endothyra_, _Valvulina_, _Truncatulina_ and _Pulvinulina_; whilst in the Irwin River district similar beds contain _Nodosaria_ and _Frondicularia_ (Fig. 63). =Triassic Foraminifera.--= The Triassic and Rhaetic clays of Europe occasionally show traces of foraminiferal shells, probably of estuarine habitat, as do the Wianamatta beds of New South Wales, which also belong to the Triassic epoch. The Australian representatives are placed in the genera _Nubecularia_, _Haplophragmium_, _Endothyra_, _Discorbina_, _Truncatulina_, and _Pulvinulina_. These shells are diminutive even for foraminifera, and their starved condition indicates uncongenial environment. =Jurassic Foraminifera.--= The Jurassic limestones of Western Australia, at Geraldton, contain many species of Foraminifera, principally belonging to the spirally coiled and slipper-shaped _Cristellariae_. Other genera present are _Haplophragmium_, _Textularia_, _Bulimina_, _Flabellina_, _Marginulina_, _Vaginulina_, _Polymorphina_, _Discorbina_, and _Truncatulina_. =Cretaceous Foraminifera.--= In the Lower Cretaceous rocks known as the Rolling Downs Formation in Queensland, shells of the Foraminifera are found in some abundance at Wollumbilla. They are represented chiefly by _Cristellaria_ and _Polymorphina_. [Illustration: =Fig. 64.--Structure in Lepidocyclina.= A--Vertical section through test of Lepidocyclina marginata, Michelotti sp.: showing the equatorial chambers (eq. c) and the lateral chambers (l.c.) B--Section through the median disc, showing the hexagonal and ogive chambers. × 18. Cainozoic (Janjukian). Batesford, near Geelong, Victoria. (_F.C. Coll._) ] =Cainozoic Foraminifera.--=