Battle Honours of the British Army: From Tangier, 1662, to the Commencement of the Reign of King Edward VIINorman, Charles Boswell
History
Battle Honours of the British Army: From Tangier, 1662, to the Commencement of the Reign of King Edward VII
Norman, Charles Boswell
Great Britain -- History, Military; Great Britain. Army -- History
The campaign on the Canadian frontier had been waged with varying
fortune: sometimes success attended our arms, at others we suffered
considerable reverses. We were fighting, however, under many
disadvantages. The bulk of our forces were employed in Spain, or
in the abortive expedition to the Low Countries. The abdication
of Napoleon, however, set free a portion of our troops, and a
brigade was despatched, under the command of Major-General John
Ross, from the South of France to North America. It consisted of
the 4th (King's Own), the 41st (Welsh), and the 44th (Essex). On
arrival at Bermuda it was met by the 21st (Royal Scots Fusiliers),
and by Admiral Cochrane, commanding the naval forces on the
station. The Admiral had been in the habit whilst blockading the
coast of landing at the mouth of the Potomac River, and making
incursions into the country, accompanied only by a few Marines.
He pointed out to the General the feasibility of an attack on
Washington, the young capital of the United States. On August 15
the General, accompanied by the Admiral, landed and made a lengthy
reconnaissance up the Patuxent River, which runs parallel to the
Potomac, and a short distance to the east. The landing presented
no difficulties, and on the 20th the whole of the brigade, having
arrived, were disembarked without opposition at a place called
Benedict, on the right bank of the Patuxent, only fifty miles from
Washington. On the following day the force moved to Nottingham
in three columns. The right, under Colonel Brooke, of the 44th,
consisted of the 4th (King's Own) and the 44th (Essex); the
centre, commanded by Colonel Patterson, of the 21st (Royal Scots
Fusiliers), comprised that corps and a strong naval brigade;
whilst the left column, which was under Colonel Thornton, of
the 85th (King's Light Infantry), was made up of that regiment
and the light companies of the other three battalions, and was
accompanied by the little artillery force, which consisted of but
a couple of 3-pounders and a howitzer. On August 22 the brigade
reached Marlborough, a small town sixteen miles from the capital,
and here Ross learnt that a body of American troops, about 6,000
strong, was drawn up for the defence of Washington at Bladensburg,
to the north of the city. Leaving some marines to guard his lines
of communication at Marlborough, Ross pushed on, the left column,
under his own personal command, leading, and on the morning of the
24th he found the enemy. The action was soon over, and by nightfall
Ross entered Washington, having captured ten of the enemy's guns.
Whether the subsequent burning of the Capitol was justified or not
is a question that everyone will decide for himself. Suffice to
say that public property to the extent of close on half a million
sterling was destroyed, in addition to several ships on the stocks,
and that we carried away 206 guns. Our losses were by no means
heavy. In justice to the memory of the General, it should be put on
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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