United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns
Bragg endeavored to flank the Federal left and thus intervene
between it and Chattanooga, and on the morning of September 19th the
Confederates, under General Polk, made a grand assault upon the Federal
left, under General Thomas. Meanwhile the Federal right was being
heavily pressed by General Hood, commanding Longstreet's corps. This
was kept up the entire day and when darkness came the Federals had been
forced back from the creek, but the result was indecisive.
During the night preparations were made for the renewal of the battle
on the next morning, which was Sunday, September 20th.
It is strange to say that some of the greatest battles of the war were
fought on Sunday.
General Longstreet now took command of his troops which had arrived,
but part of his corps did not arrive in time for the battle, having
been delayed on trains that were behind time. This brought their
strength up to equal that of the Federals.
General Thomas had taken position on Snodgrass Hill, and was
anticipating a Confederate attack, which was made late in the morning
by General Polk, who was supported by Generals Breckinridge and
Patrick Cleburne, the last-named being an Irishman formerly from the
County of Cork.
This assault was made time after time with desperate loss to both
sides. At length, by some misunderstanding of orders, one of the
Federal divisions under General Wood withdrew from its position. By
this movement a large opening was made in the center of their battle
line.
This was quickly taken advantage of by three divisions of the
Confederates, which rushed in with an impetus that was irresistible.
General Hood, one of the Confederate division commanders, was severely
wounded in this movement with a minie ball, and was carried from the
field.
The Federals under Wood, Sheridan and Van Cleve were driven from the
field. General Longstreet now assumed chief command, and here gave a
fine exhibition of his military genius. He succeeded in separating the
two wings of the opposing army. The right wing already being in full
retreat, he wheeled and compelled the further withdrawal of Federal
troops in order to save being surrounded. The retreating Federals fled
in confusion toward Chattanooga, after suffering the loss of several
thousand prisoners and forty pieces of artillery.
The Confederates now concentrated their attack upon Thomas, who had
taken position on a ridge. They were led by the indomitable Longstreet,
but were repulsed and hurled back with fearful slaughter. The
Confederates were endeavoring to flank Thomas' division by sending
Hinzman to the left and Kershaw with his divisions to get in the rear.
The fighting grew fiercer and at intervals was hand-to-hand, and
continued the entire afternoon.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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