[Footnote 102: Those unions that pay a death benefit and make no provision for total or permanent disability are: Bakers' and Confectioners' Union, Barbers' International Union, Cigar Makers, Elastic Goring Weavers' Association, United Garment Workers, Glass Bottle Blowers' Association, Granite Cutters' Association, United Hatters, Hotel and Restaurant Employees, Iron, Steel and Tin Workers' Association, Jewelry Workers' Union, Brotherhood of Leather Workers on Horse Goods, Lithographers' Association, Metal Polishers' Union, Pattern Makers' League, Piano and Organ Workers' Union, Plumbers' Association, Printing Pressmen's Union, Retail Clerks' Association, Saw Smiths' Union, Stone Cutters' Association, Stove Mounters' Union, Street Railway Employees' Association, Tailors' Union, Tobacco Workers' Union, Typographical Union, Deutsch-Amerikanischen Typographia, Watch Case Engravers' Association, Wood, Wire and Metal Lathers' Union.] [Footnote 103: Originally, the Granite Cutters paid a disability benefit of five hundred dollars. By 1878 the amount of the disability benefit had been made variable, being raised by an assessment of fifty cents on each member of the Union. About 1884 the disability benefit was abandoned.] Nearly all the unions thus combining death and disability benefits grade the disability benefit. They usually also differentiate the two benefits either in the amount paid or in the period of membership required for eligibility to the benefit. The Iron Molders, the Cigar Makers and the Painters pay the same sums in case of disability as of death.[104] The other unions, with one exception, provide for a greater maximum benefit in case of disability. The period of good standing required to draw a particular sum is usually greater in the case of the disability benefit than in the case of the death benefit. The provisions of the Brotherhood of Carpenters are fairly typical.[105] After six months' good standing members become eligible to a death benefit of one hundred dollars, but they are not eligible to a disability benefit until they have been in membership twelve months. The maximum death benefit is two hundred dollars, while the maximum disability benefit is four hundred dollars. The maximum death benefit is paid on the death of members in good standing for one year, while to be eligible to the maximum disability benefit requires a membership of five years.[106] [Footnote 104: The Cigar Makers retain fifty dollars until the death of the member.] [Footnote 105: The Carpenter, Vol. 2, No. 8, p. 5; Vol. 4, August, 1884.] [Footnote 106: Constitution of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, 1888 (n.p., n.d.), p. 10; Constitution, 1905 (Milwaukee, n.d.), p. 18.] The following table shows the amounts of the death and disability benefits in the more important unions, as originally established and as paid in 1905: