Bodily changes in pain, hunger, fear, and rage : $b an account of recent researches into the function of emotional excitementCannon, Walter B. (Walter Bradford)
Science
Bodily changes in pain, hunger, fear, and rage : $b an account of recent researches into the function of emotional excitement
Cannon, Walter B. (Walter Bradford)
Emotions; Mental health; Mind and body
The splanchnic nerves were stimulated in various ways. At first
only the left splanchnics in the abdomen were prepared. The nerves,
separated from the spinal cord, were placed upon shielded electrodes.
The form of electrodes which was found most satisfactory was that
illustrated in Fig. 10. The instrument was made of a round rod of
hard wood, bevelled to a point at one end, and grooved on the two
sides. Into the grooves were pressed insulated wires ending in
platinum hooks, which projected beyond the bevelled surface. Around
the rod was placed an insulating rubber tube which was cut out so
as to leave the hooks uncovered when the tube was slipped downward.
[Illustration: Figure 10.--The shielded electrodes used in
stimulating the splanchnic nerves. For description see text.]
In applying the electrodes the left splanchnic nerves were first
freed from their surroundings and tightly ligatured as close as
possible to their origin. By means of strong compression the
conductivity of the nerves was destroyed central to the ligature.
The electrodes were now fixed in place by thrusting the sharp end
of the wooden rod into the muscles of the back. This was so done
as to bring the platinum hooks a few millimeters above the nerves.
With a small seeker the nerves were next gently lifted over the
hooks, and then the rubber tube was slipped downward until it came
in contact with the body wall. Absorbent cotton was packed about
the lower end of the electrodes, to take up any fluid that might
appear; and finally the belly wall was closed with spring clips. The
rubber tube served to keep the platinum hooks from contact with the
muscles of the back and the movable viscera, while still permitting
access to the nerves which were to be stimulated. This stimulating
apparatus could be quickly applied, and, once in place, needed no
further attention. In some of the experiments both splanchnic nerves
were stimulated in the thorax. The rubber-covered electrode proved
quite as serviceable there as in the abdomen.
The current delivered to the splanchnic nerves was a rapidly
interrupted induced current of such strength that no effects of
spreading were noticeable. That splanchnic stimulation causes
secretion of the adrenal glands has been proved in many different
ways which have already been described (see p. 41).
The Effects of Splanchnic Stimulation on the
Contraction of Fatigued Muscle
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