Kentucky -- History; Roads -- United States; Wilderness Road
During this summer the conqueror of Illinois expected to complete his
triumph by the capture of Detroit. A messenger from Thomas Jefferson,
Governor of Virginia, brought tidings that troops for this expedition
would be forthcoming from Virginia and Kentucky, and rendezvous at
Vincennes in July. When the time came, Clark found only a few soldiers
from Kentucky and none at all from Virginia. The Detroit expedition
fell through because of Virginia's poverty in money and in men; though
artillery, ammunition, and tools had been secured for the campaign from
Fort Pitt, at Washington's command. But with masterly foresight Governor
Jefferson secured the establishment of a fort on the Mississippi River
in the Illinois country. During this summer the little garrison which
General McIntosh left buried in the Black Forest at Fort Laurens fled
back over the trail to Pittsburg. Nowhere north of the Ohio were the
scenes frequently enacted in Kentucky reproduced so vividly as at little
Fort Laurens, on the upper Muskingum. At one time fourteen of the
garrison were decoyed and slaughtered. At another time an army numbering
seven hundred warriors invested the little half-forgotten fortress and
its intrepid defenders. A slight embankment may be seen today near
Bolivar, Ohio, which marks one side of the first fort erected in what is
now Ohio, those near the lake shore excepted. Thus closed the year 1779:
Clark again in possession of Vincennes, as well as Kaskaskia and
Cahokia, but disappointed in the failure of the Detroit expedition;
Hamilton languishing in a Virginia dungeon, twelve hundred miles from
his capital--Fort Detroit; Fort Laurens abandoned, and the Kentucky
country covered with gloom over Rogers's terrible loss and Bowman's
inglorious retreat from the valley of the Scioto. On the other hand, the
East was glorying in Mad Anthony Wayne's capture of Stony Point,
Sullivan's rebuke to the Indians, and Paul Jones's electrifying victory
on the sea.
In 1780 four expeditions set forth, all of them singular in character,
and noteworthy. The year before, 1779, Spain had declared war upon
England. The new commander at Detroit took immediate occasion to regain
control of the Mississippi by attacking the Spanish town of St. Louis.
This expedition, under Captain Sinclair, descended the Mississippi from
Prairie du Chien. The attack was not successful, but six whites were
killed and eighteen taken prisoner.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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