No dayas were seen after leaving Tilrempt, and the aspect of the country changed markedly and suddenly as the drainage became better defined. The hills were more abrupt and in systems, and the valleys became broad and continuous. At first the valleys were wide and shallow, the hills being low and with flat summits, but as the distance from the daya region increased, the valleys became deeper, until at Ghardaia the effect was that of low, flat-topped mountains with broad valleys between, thus remotely suggesting the topography of southern Arizona. However, in southern Algeria the mountains are not so high nor is the “mesa” (hamada) so extensive as in Arizona. The general level of the daya region is prolonged as the summits of the mountains of this the chebka region, while the valleys are eroded to a new level, that of the plain of the M’Zab. A similar condition is seen as one goes from Ghardaia to Ouargla, so that in fact there are several immense terraces, reminders of that remote period when there was more rainfall in this portion of the Sahara than at present. Although the drainage to the south of the daya region is well developed, the valleys and mountains run in a rather confused way, so as to give to the fancifully inclined Arab the idea of a net, from which the name “chebka” is said to be derived. The country from Tilrempt to Ghardaia is characterized by a continuously decreasing amount of vegetation. In place of the country as a whole having a covering, however sparse, as in the daya region, one is apt to consider the chebka a barren desert, absolutely devoid of plant life; but closer inspection dispels this illusion and reveals the presence, in the more favorable situations, of not a little vegetation. In the northern portion of the chebka region one sees here and there, on the bottoms, specimens of the jujube and the betoum, as well as _Zilla macroptera_, _Retama sphærocarpa_, and _Coronilla juncea_. On the rocks at Settafa, Massart reports finding lichens, the first he had seen after leaving Biskra. However, crustaceous lichens occur on the flat tops of the low mountains by Ghardaia. Massart suggests that the absence of lichens in the Sahara (possibly they are not to be found south of Ghardaia) is because of the intense dryness and the great heat, the temperature of the rocks becoming from 60 to 70° C.[17]