limb of the calyx remains on as a crown to the fruit, while in Asperula it drops off. In Sherardia there is only one style with a two-lobed stigma; and in Asperula there are two styles united at the base. There is a very pretty plant called _Crucinella stylosa_, which has lately been much cultivated in gardens, and which belongs to this order. This plant has large heads of pretty pink flowers, each of which has a funnel-shaped corolla, with a long tube concealing the anthers, but beyond which the style projects so far as to give rise to the specific name of _stylosa_. The stigma in this plant is clavate, that is, club-shaped, and it is cleft in two, though the lobes are not spreading. CHAPTER VI. THE ORDER COMPOSITÆ: ILLUSTRATED BY THE SUCCORY, THE SOWTHISTLE, THE DANDELION, THE BURDOCK, THE DAISY, THE CHRYSANTHEMUM, FEVERFEW, PELLITORY OF SPAIN, WILD CHAMOMILE, TRUE CHAMOMILE, YARROW, THE BUR-MARIGOLD, GROUNDSEL, RAGWORT, BIRD’s TONGUE, PURPLE JACOBÆA, CINERARIA, SUNFLOWER, MUTISIA, AND TRIPTILION. The plants composing the order Compositæ have all compound flowers, which differ from other flowers as much as a compound leaf does from a simple one. As the compound leaf is composed of a number of leaflets or pinnæ united by a common petiole; so a compound flower is composed of a number of florets, united by a common receptacle, which is surrounded by a calyx-like involucre, so as to give the whole mass the appearance of a simple flower. Each floret has a calyx, the tubular part of which is rarely sufficiently distinct to be perceptible, but the limb is generally cut into long feathery segments called pappus. The ovary of each floret contains only one seed; and the fruit, which is called an achenium, retains the pappus when ripe, and falls without opening. There are five stamens, the filaments of which are distinct, but the anthers grow together so as to form a kind of cylinder, through which passes the style, ending in a two-lobed stigma (see _a_ in _fig._ 41). Most of the corollas are of two kinds: viz. the ligulate, as exemplified in the floret of the wild Lettuce (_Lactuca virosa_) shown in _fig._ 41; and the tubular, as shown in a floret of the Cotton-thistle (_Onopordium Acanthium_) see _fig._ 42. All the British species of Compositæ have their florets either entirely of one of these kinds, or of the two mixed together; but some foreign genera have florets with two equal lips, cut into three or four lobes, as shown in a floret of _Mutisia latifolia_, at (_e_), _fig._ 46, p. 108. These florets are called bilabiate. It will be observed that in all these examples, as indeed, in all the flowers belonging to the order, that the pappus (_b_, in _figs._ 41 and 42), is always on the outside of the corolla, thus plainly indicating its connexion with the calyx. [Illustration: FIG. 41.—LIGULATE FLORET OF WILD LETTUCE.] [Illustration: FIG. 42.—TUBULAR FLORET OF THE COTTON-THISTLE.]