[6] An excellent monograph on the American Bison, by J. A. Allen, edited by Dr. Elliott Coues, is contained in the _Report of the U. S. Geological Survey of Colorado and Adjacent Territories_, by F. V. Hayden, for 1875. See also works of W. T. Hornaday. [7] _Les Singularitez de la France Antarctique._ [8] Owned by the Buffalo Fine Arts Academy. [9] _The Wild Northland_, Sir William Francis Butler, K.C.B. [10] _Pemmican_, from the Cree language—_pimmi_, meat, and _kon_, fat. [11] _The English Sportsman in the Western Prairies._ [12] _Buffalo Land_, W. E. Webb. [13] _Buffalo Land_, p. 304. [14] _Commerce of the Prairies._ [15] _The Canadian Red River Expedition of 1858_, H. Y. Hind, p. 356. [16] _Crayon Miscellany. A Tour on the Prairies._ [17] Catlin's _Eight Years_, vol. i., pp. 25, 26. [Illustration] CHAPTER IV The People of the Wilderness—Men without Rights—Killing by Alcohol—Change in the Character of the Native—Growth of the War Spirit—Classification by Language—Dwellers in Tents and Builders of Houses—Farmers and Hunters—Irrigation Works—The Coming of the Horse. Of more than equal interest with the magnificent wilderness and its animal occupants was the human dweller within its broad limits, the Amerind,[18] commonly called the Indian. Still another name for him was Red Man, yet he was neither an Indian nor was he red, except when he painted himself with ochre and vermilion. His real colour was various shades of brown or bronze, rather yellowish than red where protected from the sun. We are not surprised that roses of different hue grow in a garden, but there has always been unwarranted amazement that different shades of men should be found in the garden of the universe. There appears to be no reason why men should not vary in colour as well as all other animals and plants. But though races of mankind may vary in colour they never, so far as now determined, have varied in any other essential; or at least only slightly in fundamental characteristics. In general physical composition all men to-day are identical, and there is no certain evidence that they have ever differed more than they now do.[19] Man is everywhere the same as far back in the ages as he can be traced. Some may be stronger, or larger, or shorter, than others, with brains more or less developed, but they are all practically alike, even to their emotions. [Illustration: A Village of the Plains. This form of tipi was readily taken down and as readily set up again. Photograph by U. S. Government.]