British Airships, Past, Present, and FutureWhale, George
History
British Airships, Past, Present, and Future
Whale, George
Aircraft; Airships -- Britain -- History
A considerable difference of opinion existed as to the material to be
chosen for the construction of the hull. Bamboo, wood, aluminium, or
one of its alloys, were all considered. The first was rejected as
unreliable. The second would have been much stronger than aluminium,
and was urged by Messrs. Vickers. The Admiralty, however, considered
that there was a certainty of better alloys being produced, and as the
ship was regarded as an experiment and its value would be largely
negatived if later ships were constructed of a totally different
material, aluminium or an alloy was selected. The various alloys then
in existence showed little advantage over the pure metal, so pure
aluminium was specified and ordered. This metal was expected to have a
strength of ten tons per square inch, but that which arrived was found
to be very unreliable, and many sections had, on test, only half the
strength required. The aluminium wire intended for the mesh wiring of
the framework was also found to be extremely brittle. A section of the
framework was, however, erected, and also one of wood, as a test for
providing comparisons. In the tests, the wooden sections proved,
beyond all comparison, the better, but the Admiralty persisted in their
decision to adopt the metal.
Towards the end of 1909 a new aluminium alloy was discovered, known as
duralumin. Tests were made which proved that this new metal possessed
a strength of twenty-five tons per square inch, which was over twice as
strong as the nominal strength of aluminium, and in practice was really
five times stronger. The specific gravity of the new metal varied from
2.75 to 2.86, as opposed to the 2.56 of aluminium. As the weights were
not much different it was possible to double the strength of the ship
and save one ton in weight. Duralumin was therefore at once adopted.
The hull structure was composed of twelve longitudinal duralumin
girders which ran fore and aft the length of the ship and followed the
external shape. The girders were secured to a steel nose-piece at the
bow and a pointed stern-piece aft. These girders, built of duralumin
sections, were additionally braced wherever the greatest weights
occurred. To support these girders in a thwartship direction a series
of transverse frames were placed at 12 feet 6 inches centres throughout
the length of the ship, and formed, when viewed cross-sectionally, a
universal polygon of twelve sides. For bracing purposes mesh wiring
stiffened each bay longitudinally, so formed by the junction of the
running girder and the transverse frames, while the transverse frames
between the gasbags were stiffened with radial wiring which formed
structure similar to a wheel with its spokes. The frames where the
gondolas occurred were strengthened to take the addition weight, while
the longitudinals were also stiffened at the bow and stern.
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