British Flags: Their Early History, and Their Development at Sea: With an Account of the Origin of the Flag as a National DevicePerrin, William Gordon
History
British Flags: Their Early History, and Their Development at Sea: With an Account of the Origin of the Flag as a National Device
Perrin, William Gordon
Flags -- Great Britain
When the Prayer Book was revised under Edward VI, the festival of St
George was abolished, with many others. Under the influence of the
Reformation the banners of his former rivals, St Edward and St Edmund,
together with all other religious flags in public use, except that of
St George, entirely disappeared, and their place was taken by banners
containing the royal badges.
We have seen that the appearance of the red cross on the clothing of
the soldiery can be traced back to the "bracer" of the archers of 1277.
The Ordinances of War made by Richard II at Durham in 1385, when on his
way to repel a threatened invasion from Scotland, required every man
in the king's army to bear a large cross of St George on his clothing
before and behind. Richard appears to have adopted this expedient from
the Scots, though they were of course not the first people to make
use of it. On the 1st of July in that year orders had been issued
for the soldiers of the Scottish army to be marked with a white St
Andrew's cross (see p. 47). At that date Richard was at Westminster;
he left there about the 4th of July, was at Leicester on the 7th, and
at York from the 17th to 22nd. On the 26th he had reached Durham; he
remained there till the 28th, and arrived at Morpeth by the 31st. The
ordinances which he issued at Durham must therefore be dated at the
end of July[106], and as there is no evidence that the English were
at this time in the habit of marking their coats with the red cross
before and behind, we may reasonably infer that it was then done for
the first time in direct imitation of the Scots. This provision is also
found in the similar ordinances made by Henry V at Mantes in 1419, the
only difference between them being that while under the older orders no
prisoner was allowed to wear this cross, under the later ones prisoners
in the custody of their captors might do so.
Ordinances of War made by King
Richard II at Durham A^o 1385.
_Cott. MS. Nero_ D. vi, f. 89.
Item que chescun, de quel estat
condicion on nacion qil soit, issint
qil soit de nostre partie, porte un
signe des armes de Seint George
large devant et autre aderer, sur
peril qe sil soit naufre ou mort en
defaute dycel, cely qe le naufra ou
tue, ne portera nul juesse pur li, et
que nul enemy ne porte le dit signe
de Seint George, coment qil soit
prisoner ou autrement sur peyne
destre mort[107].
Ordinances of War made by
Henry V at Mawnt (Mantes,
prob. July, 1419). _Lansdowne
MS._ 285.
Also, that every man of what estate,
condicion or nacion that he be, of
oure partie, bere a band of Seint
George suffisant large, upon the
perile, if he be wounded or dede
in the fawte thereof, he that hym
wounded or sleeth shall bere no
peyn for hym: and that none enemy
bere the said signe of Seint George,
but if he be prisoner & in the warde
of his maister, upon peyn of deth
therefore[108].
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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