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British Museum (Natural History) General Guide
British Museum (Natural History)
British Museum (Natural History) -- Guidebooks; Natural history museums -- England -- London -- Guidebooks
Topaz (25c) in its clear varieties is one of the precious stones. The
crystals from the Urulga river, Siberia, are remarkably fine, and of a
delicate brown colour; they are kept covered, as the action of light
slowly bleaches them. The yellow crystals from Brazil assume a peculiar
pink colour when heated, and are then known to jewellers as Burnt or
Pink Topaz. A fine orange-red crystal from Brazil is exhibited.
Garnet also belongs to the group of precious stones; when the red is
tinged with violet, the stone is the Almandine or Syrian Garnet (named
after Syriam in Pegu), and when cut _en cabochon_, the Carbuncle of
jewellery (26f); the Cinnamon-stone or Hessonite varies in tint from
hyacinth-red to honey-yellow (26e); the Pyrope, including the “Cape
Ruby” and the Bohemian garnet, is blood-red (26e), Demantoid is an
emerald-green (26g).
Jadeite (27a) is one of the green stones which, under the name of Jade,
are wrought into ornaments in China: from jade it is distinguished
by its chemical composition, structure, and higher specific gravity.
Among the specimens of Epidote (27c) a remarkable series from the
Untersulzbachthal, Austria, is exhibited.
Mica (28a) is the name given to a group of minerals differing much from
each other in chemical composition and optical properties, but having
as a common character an easy splitting, or cleavage, in a single
direction, and thus affording plates remarkably thin, transparent,
tough, and elastic. One of these minerals, Muscovite (28d), has been
used in Russia in place of glass for windows, and is now in common
use for lanterns and stoves, not being so easily cracked as glass by
changes of temperature; it is often known in commerce as talc, a term
restricted by mineralogists to a different mineral.
The group of Felspars, the most important of the rock-forming minerals,
begins at case 28f. After the Felspars comes Beryl, of which the
bright green variety, Emerald (29c), is one of the most valued of
precious stones. It was in ancient times worked in Egypt, as is proved
by specimens found in the old workings by Sir Gardner Wilkinson, and
presented by him to the Museum. Emeralds occur in the Urals; but the
locality for the finest stones has long been Muzo, about seventy miles
from Santa Fé de Bogotá, in South America. Faceted specimens of the
colourless Beryl, of the bluish-green Beryl, known in jewellery as
Aquamarine, and of pink Beryl from California and Madagascar, are
exhibited (30a).
In cases 30f to 32d will be found examples of the Zeolite group of
minerals.
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