This leaving out of account of the actual energies is only possible
in the world of reactions. Here it is possible, and therefore also
legitimate, to regard any kind of process as a something constant and
complete, as a product, and correspondingly to treat it as such. Every
physicist knows that the grocer’s pound weight, as well as the grain
of his own scales, rigorously tested, to-morrow are no longer the same
as they were to-day. Nevertheless we make a compromise with actuality
and act as though they were the same. It suffices for all practical
purposes, and so is permissible. Here one is not at all aiming at a
world-theory; one only seeks to measure and weigh, and satisfy certain
needs.
This compromise with actuality--the looking upon things as finished,
completed--is forced upon us by the idea of identity, with which
all mental life, without exception, operates. And the physicist
accommodates himself to this idea with his concept of “body.”
Body, in the physical acceptation of the word, is nowhere to be found
in actuality; none the less the physicist is justified in making use
of this idea so long as, in the pursuit of his aims, he can do so
with advantage--that is, so long as it is a question of measuring and
determining in advance.
The re-actual point of view of science involves as logical correlate
the merging in one, of “motion” as manifesting itself to sense, and
“energy.” Aught else corresponding to energy besides motion itself is
not to be found in the re-actual world of the physicist. Here motion is
energy itself.
Under these two preliminary conditions--the regarding of things as
“bodies,” and their motions as energies themselves--the play of
world-events displays itself in its entirety to perception by the
senses; and every effect is something mediate, possible of being
followed up in space and time.
But the movements that are perceptible to sense are just as little the
energies themselves as “bodies,” in the physical acceptation of the
word, are actuality.
The sensible motion is not the energy; it is only the evidence that
energies are present.
When two electro-magnets, placed in a certain position with reference
to each other, go through circular movements, this does not mean that
these circular movements are the energies themselves; it only means
that energies are there present, and of themselves prove themselves
such by producing effects.
When a geyser discharges water every hour, it does not mean that this
kind of action is energy itself; it means nothing more than that
energies _are there present_, and as such are at work.
The earth’s course round the sun does not represent energy itself; it
means nothing more than that energies are there present, and as such
are at work.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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