Caesar, Julius; Rome -- History -- Republic, 265-30 B.C.
Some license of speech he was, of course, prepared for, but it required
no small courage to make a public attack either on himself or his
dependants, and it was therefore most creditable to Cicero that his
first speech of importance was directed against the Dictator's
immediate friends, and was an exposure of the iniquities of the
proscription. Cicero no doubt knew that there would be no surer road to
favor with the Roman multitude than by denouncing Sylla's followers,
and that, young and unknown as he was, his insignificance might protect
him, however far he ventured. But he had taken the Senate's side. From
first to last he had approved of the reactionary constitution, and had
only condemned the ruthless methods by which it had been established.
He never sought the popularity of a demagogue, or appealed to popular
passions, or attempted to create a prejudice against the aristocracy,
into whose ranks he intended to make his way. He expressed the opinions
of the respectable middle classes, who had no sympathy with
revolutionists, but who dreaded soldiers and military rule and
confiscations of property.
The occasion on which Cicero came forward was characteristic of the
time. Sextus Roscius was a country gentleman of good position, residing
near Ameria, in Umbria. He had been assassinated when on a visit to
Rome by two of his relations, who wished to get possession of his
estate. The proscription was over, and the list had been closed; but
Roscius's name was surreptitiously entered upon it, with the help of
Sylla's favorite freedman, Chrysogonus. The assassins obtained an
acknowledgment of their claims, and they and Chrysogonus divided the
spoils. Sextus Roscius was entirely innocent. He had taken no part in
politics at all. He had left a son who was his natural heir, and the
township of Ameria sent up a petition to Sylla remonstrating against so
iniquitous a robbery. The conspirators, finding themselves in danger of
losing the reward of their crime, shifted their ground. They denied
that they had themselves killed Sextus Roscius. They said that the son
had done it, and they charged him with parricide. Witnesses were easily
provided. No influential pleader, it was justly supposed, would venture
into antagonism with Sylla's favorite and appear for the defence.
Cicero heard of the case, however, and used the opportunity to bring
himself into notice. He advocated young Roscius's cause with skill and
courage. He told the whole story in court without disguise. He did not
blame Sylla. He compared Sylla to Jupiter Optimus Maximus, who was
sovereign of the universe, and on the whole a good sovereign, but with
so much business on his hands that he had not time to look into
details. But Cicero denounced Chrysogonus as an accomplice in an act of
atrocious villainy. The court took the same view, and the rising orator
had the honor of clearing the reputation of the injured youth, and of
recovering his property for him.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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