The special character given to Peterhouse by Balsham was the studious pursuit of letters, arts, Aristotle, canon law or theology. There were to be 2 scholars for civil and canon law, and one for medicine; and poor bible-clerks were to be instructed in grammar. Marie Valence founded Pembroke for the study of arts as well as theology. Elizabeth de Burgh founded Clare for general learning. Three poor boys were to be instructed in grammar, logic, and singing. Edmund Gonville made the 7 Arts the foundation for a theological training. (Bateman abolished its theological character.) William Bateman founded Trinity Hall for the study of law only. The two Guilds of Corpus Christi and the Blessed Virgin founded their college for scholars in sacred orders, and for the study of theology and canon law. William Byngham established God’s House for the study of grammar among the clergy of the north-eastern counties. Henry VI. required all the scholars of King’s to be candidates for sacred orders, and made theology and arts the principal but not the exclusive faculties. Margaret of Anjou made theology the principal study at Queens’, and in her college law was only tolerated. The master of arts must either teach the _trivium_ and _quadrivium_ for 3 years, or devote the same time to the liberal sciences or Aristotle. Robert Woodlark made his fellows restrict their studies by vow to “philosophy and sacred theology”--his college of S. Catherine was founded to promote Church interests exclusively. John Alcock required that the scholars of Jesus College when they had graduated in arts, should devote themselves to the study of theology. Canon law was prohibited, but one out of the 12 fellows might be a student of civil law. Margaret Beaufort founded Christ’s for the study of grammar, arts, and theology, but law and medicine were excluded. Edward III. and Henry VIII. founded King’s Hall and Trinity College for general learning. John Caius founded his college for the pursuit of science. Sir Walter Mildmay founded Emmanuel for clergy who should maintain the principles of the Reformation. Sir George Downing founded his college for the study of law and medicine. [Illustration: THE GATE OF HONOUR, CAIUS COLLEGE In the background on the right appear the buildings of the University Library, one of the Turrets of King’s Chapel in the distance, and the Senate House is seen on the left.] Hence Michaelhouse, Gonville, Corpus, God’s House, King’s, Catherine’s, Jesus, and Emmanuel were destined for a clerical curriculum only.