In the District Manuals, the various occupations of the Mucchis are summed up as book-binding, working in leather, making saddles and trunks, painting, making toys, and pen-making. At the present day, Mucchis (designers) are employed by piece-goods merchants in Madras in devising and painting new patterns for despatch to Europe, where they are engraved on copper cylinders. When, as at the present day, the bazars of Southern India are flooded with imported piece-goods of British manufacture, it is curious to look back and reflect that the term piece-goods was originally applied in trade to the Indian cotton fabrics exported to England. The term Mucchi is applied to two entirely different sets of people. In Mysore and parts of the Ceded Districts, it refers to Marathi-speaking workers in leather. But it is further applied to Telugu-speaking people, called Raju, Jinigara, or Chitrakara, who are mainly engaged in painting, making toys, etc., and not in leather-work. (See Rachevar.) Mucherikala.--Recorded by Mr. F. S. Mullaly [57] as a synonym of a thief class in the Telugu country. Mudali.--The title Mudali is used chiefly by the offspring of Deva-dasis (dancing-girls), Kaikolans, and Vellalas. The Vellalas generally take the title Mudali in the northern, and Pillai in the southern districts. By some Vellalas, Mudali is considered discourteous, as it is also the title of weavers. [58] Mudali further occurs as a title of some Jains, Gadabas, Occhans, Pallis or Vanniyans, and Panisavans. Some Pattanavans style themselves Varunakula Mudali. Mudavandi.--The Mudavandis are said [59] to be "a special begging class, descended from Vellala Goundans, since they had the immemorial privilege of taking possession, as of right, of any Vellala child that was infirm or maimed. The Modivandi made his claim by spitting into the child's face, and the parents were then obliged, even against their will, to give it up. Thenceforward it was a Modivandi, and married among them. The custom has fallen into desuetude for the last forty or fifty years, as a complaint of abduction would entail serious consequences. Their special village is Modivandi Satyamangalam near Erode. The chief Modivandi, in 1887, applied for sanction to employ peons (orderlies) with belts and badges upon their begging tours, probably because contributions are less willingly made nowadays to idle men. They claim to be entitled to sheep and grain from the ryats." In a note on the Mudavandis, Mr. F. R. Hemingway writes that it is stated to be the custom that children born blind or lame in the Konga Vellala caste are handed over by their parents to become Mudavandis. If the parents hesitate to comply with the custom, the Mudavandis tie a red cloth round the head of the child, and the parents can then no longer withhold their consent. They have to give the boy a bullock to ride on if he is lame, or a stick if he is blind.