Average height 157.4 cm. Nasal index 95 (max. 108.6). The average distance from the tip of the middle finger to the top of the patella was 4.6 cm. relative to stature = 100, which approximates very closely to the recorded results of measurement of long-limbed African negroes. Panjai.--Recorded, in the Madras Census Report, 1901, as a sub-division of Pandya Vellala. The name Panjai, indicating a poverty-stricken individual, is usually applied to mendicant Pandarams. Panjaram.--Panjaram or Pancharamkatti is the name of a sub-division of the Idaiyans, derived from the peculiar gold ornament, which the women wear. It is said that, in this division, widow marriage is commonly practiced, because Krishna used to place a similar ornament round the necks of Idaiyan widows of whom he became enamoured, and that this sub-division was the result of his amours with them. Panjukkara (cotton-man).--An occupational name of a sub-division of Vellalas, who are not at the present day connected with the cotton trade. They call themselves Panjukkara Chettis. The equivalent panjari (pinjari) or Panjukotti occurs as a Tamil synonym for Dudekula (Muhammadan cotton-cleaners). Pannadai (sheath of the cocoanut leaf).--A sub-division of Vettuvan. Pannaiyan.--A title of Alavan. Pannara.--A sub-division of Mali. Pannendu Nal (twelve days).--A name for those Pallis who, like Brahmans, perform the final death ceremonies on the twelfth day. Pannirendam (twelfth) Chetti.--A section of the Chettis. Pano.--In the Madras Census Report, 1891, the Panos are described as "a caste of weavers found in the Ganjam district. This caste is no doubt identical with the Pans, a weaving, basket-making, and servile caste of Orissa and Chota Nagpore. The Panos occupy the same position among the Khonds of Ganjam as the Dombs hold among the inhabitants of the Vizagapatam hills, and the words Pano and Dombo are generally regarded as synonyms [See Domb]. The members of the Sitra sub-division are workers in metal." It is further noted, in the Census Report, 1901, that the Panos are "an extensive caste of hill weavers found chiefly in the Ganjam Agency. The Khond synonym for this word is Domboloko, which helps to confirm the connection between this caste and the Dombas of Vizagapatam. They speak Khond and Oriya." In a note on the Panos, I read that "their occupations are trading, weaving, and theft. They live on the ignorance and superstition of the Khonds as brokers, pedlars, sycophants, and cheats. In those parts where there are no Oriyas, they possess much influence, and are always consulted by the Khonds in questions of boundary disputes." In a brief account of the Panos, Mr. C. F. MacCartie writes [47] that "the Panos, also known by the title of Dombo or Sitra in some parts, are supposed to be Paraiya [Telugu Mala] emigrants from the low country. Their profession is weaving or brass work, the monotony of which they vary by petty